Etymologie, Etimología, Étymologie, Etimologia, Etymology
EU Europa, Europa, Europe, Europa, Europe
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faunistik
Naumann
Naturgeschichte der Vögel Mitteleuropas

Herausgegeben von Dr. Carl R. Hennicke in Gera
Neu bearbeitet von
Dr. G. Berg in Berlin, Prof. Dr. R. Blasius in Braunschweig, Geh. Hofrat Prof. Dr. W. Blasius in Braunschweig, Dr. R. Buri in Bern Stephan Chernelvon Chernelháza in Köszeg (Ungarn), Dr. Chr. Deichler in Berlin, Bruno Geisler in Dresden, Dr. A. Girtanner in St. Gallen, Prof. A. Goering in Leipzig, F. Grabowsky in Breslau, Dr. E. Hartert in Tring (England), Dr. F. Helm in Chemnitz, Dr. Carl R. Hennicke in Gera, Pastor O. Kleinschmidt in Volkmaritz, J. G. Keulemans in Southend on Sea (England), Dr. O. Koepert in Dresden-Striesen, Hofrat Dr. P. Leverkühn in Sofia, Oskar von Löwis of Menar in Wenden (Livland), E. de Maes in Bonn, P. Müller-Kaempff in Ahrenshoop i. M., Stephan von Nécsey in Budapest, Jos von Pleyel in Wien, Othmar Reiser in Sarajevo (Bosnien). Dr. E. Rey in Leipzig, Alex. Reichert in Leipzig, J. Rhamm in Braunschweig, J. Rohwedder in Husum, Dr. Walter von Rothschild in London, Oberförster O. von Riesenthal in Charlottenburg, J. Alb. Sandman in Helsingfors, Prof. Dr. O. Taschenberg in Halle a. S., J. Thienemann in Rositten, Victor Ritter von Tschusi zu Schmidhoffen in Villa Tännenhof bei Hallein, Reg.- und Forstrat Jacobi von Wangelin in Merseburg, Dr. D. F. Weinland in Hohen-Wittlingen, Hofrat Dr. Wurm in Bad Teinach.

Gera-Untermhaus
Lithographie, Druck und Verlag
von Fr. Eugen Köhler, 1905

| Adlerbussard - Long-legged Buzzard - Buteo rufinus | Alpenbraunelle - Alpine Accentor - Laisocopus collaris | Alpendohle - Alpine Chough - Pyrrhocorax graculus | Alpenkrähe - Chough - Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax | Alpenringdrossel - Alpine Ring Ouzel - Turdus torquatus alpestris | Alpenschneehuhn (Sommerkleid) - Ptarmigan - Lagopus mutus | Alpenschneehuhn (Winterkleid) - Ptarmigan - Lagopus mutus | Alpenschwalbe - - Hirundo rufula | Alpensegler - Alpine Swift - Apus melba | Alpenstrandläufer - Dunlin - Calidris alpina | Alpenstrandläufer - Dunlin - Calidris alpina. | Asiatischer Regenpfeifer - - Charadrius asiaticus | Auerhahn - Capercaillie - Tetrao urogallus | Auerhenne - Capercaillie - Tetrao urogallus | Austernfischer - Oystercatcher - Haematopus ostralegus | | Bachstelze - White Wagtail - Motacilla alba . | Bachstelze - White Wagtail - Motacilla alba. | Bartgeier - Bearded Vulture - Gypaetus barbatus | Bartgeier - Bearded Vulture - Gypaetus barbatus | Bartmeise - Bearded Tit - Reedling - Panurus biarmicus | Baßtölpel - Gannet - Sula bassana | Baumfalke - Hobby - Falco subbuteo | Baumpieper - Olive-backed Pipit - Anthus trivialis | Bekassine - Snipe - Gallinago gallinago | Bergbraunelle - - Spermolegus montanella | Bergente - Scaup - Aythya marila | Bergente - Scaup - Aythya marila | Bergfink - Brambling - Fringilla montifringilla | Bergfink - Brambling - Fringilla montifringilla . | Berghänfling - Twite - Acanthis flavirostris | Bergkalanderlerche - - Melanocorypha bimaculata | Berglaubsänger - Bonelli's Warbler - Phylloscopus bonellii | Beutelmeise - Penduline Tit - Remiz pendulinus | Bienenfresser - Bee-eater - Merops apiaster . | Bindenkreuzschnabel - Two-barred Crossbill - Loxia leucoptera | Binsenrohrsänger - - Calamodus aquaticus* | Birkenzeisig - Redpoll - Acanthis flammea | Birkhahn x Moorschneehenne (Bastard) - Black Grouse x Willow Grouse - Lyrurus tetrix.x Lagopus lagopus | Birkhuhn - Black Grouse - Lyrurus tetrix | Bläßgans - White-fronted Goose - Anser albifrons | Bläßhuhn - Coot - Fulica atra | Blaßspötter - Olivaceous Warbler - Hippolais pallida | Blauflügelente - Blue-winged Teal - Anas discors | Blaukehlchen - Bluethroat - Luscinia suecica | Blaumeise - Blue Tit - Parus caeruleus | Blaumerle - Blue Rock Thrush - Monticola solitarius | Blaurake - Roller - Coracias garrulus | Bluthänfling - Linnet - Acanthis cannabina | Bluthänfling - Linnet - Acanthis cannabina | Bobolink - Bobolink - Dolichonyx oxyzivorus | Bonapartemöve - Bonaparte's Gull - Larus philadelphia | Brachpieper - Tawny Pipit - Anthus campestris | Brandgans - Shelduck - Tadorna tadorna | Brandseeschwalbe - Gull-billed Tern - Sterna sandvicensis | Brandseeschwalbe - Sandwich Tern - Sterna sandvicensis | Brandseeschwalbe - Sandwich Tern - Sterna sandvicensis | Braune Wasseramsel - - Cinclus cinclus pallasi* | Brauner Laubvogel - - Luscinioloa fuscata* | Braunkehlchen - Whinchat - Saxicula rubetra | Braunkehliger Ammer - - Emberiza luteola* | Braunliest - - Halcyon smyrnensis | Braunsichler - Glossy Ibis - Plegadis falcinellus | Brautente - - Aix sponsa | Brillenente - Surf Scoter - Melanitta perspicillata | Bruchwasserläufer - Wood Sandpiper - Tringa glareola | Bruchwasserläufer - Wood Sandpiper - Tringa glareola | Buchfink - Chaffinch - Fringilla coelebs | Büffelkopfente - - Bucephala albecola | Bunte Drossel - - Geocichla varia* | Buntfuß-Sturmschwalbe - Wilson's Petrel - Oceanites oceanicus | Buntspecht - Great Spotted Woodpecker - Dendrocopus major | Buschrohrsänger - Blyth's Reed Warbler - Acrocephalus dumetorum | | Cassins Kuhvogel - - Molothrus cabanisii* | Chinesische Bachstelze - - Motacilla taivanus* | Cistensänger - Fan-tailed Warbler - Cisticola juncidis | | Dickschnabellumme - Brünnich's Guillemont - Uria lomvia | Dickschnäblige Rohrammer - - Emberiza intermedia* | Dickschnäblige Rohrammer - - Emberiza palustris* | Dickschnäblige Rohrammer - - Emberiza pyrrhuloides* | Dohle - Jackdaw - Corvus monedula | Doppelschnepfe - Great Snipe - Gallinago media | Dorngrasmücke - Whitethroat - Sylvia communis | Dreizehenmöve - Kittiwake - Larus tridactyla | Dreizehenmöve - Kittiwake - Larus tridactyla | Dreizehenspecht - Three-toed Woodpecker - Picoides tridactylus | Drosselrohrsänger - Great Reed Warbler - Acrocephalus arundinaceus | Drosseluferläufer - Spotted Sandpiper - Actitis macularia | Drosseluferläufer - Spotted Sandpiper - Actitis macularia | Dunkelsturmtaucher - Sooty Shearwater - Puffinus griseus | Dunkelwasserläufer - Spotted Redshank - Tringa erythrops | Dunkelwasserläufer - Spotted Redshank - Tringa erythrops | Dünnschnabel-Brachvogel - Slender-billed Curlew - Numenius tenuirostris . | | Eichelhäher - Jay - Garrulus glandarius | Eiderente - Eider - Somateria mollissima | Eiderente - Eider - Somateria mollissima | Einfarbiger Star - Spotless Starling - Sturnus unicolor | Einsame Drossel - - Turdus pallassii* | Eisente - Long-tailed Duck - Clangula hyemalis | Eisente - Long-tailed Duck - Clangula hyemalis | Eismöve - Glaucous Gull - Larus hyperboreus | Eismöve - Glaucous Gull - Larus hyperboreus | Eismöve - Glaucous Gull - Larus hyperboreus | Eissturmvogel - Fulmar - Fulmarus glacialis | Eistaucher - Great Northern Diver - Gavia immer | Eistaucher - Great Northern Diver - Gavia immer | Eisvogel - Kingfisher - Alcedo attis | Eleonorenfalke - Eleonora's Falcon - Falco eleonorae | Elfenbeinmöve - Ivory Gull - Pagophila eburnea | Elster - Magpie - Pica pica | Enten_Bastarde - Ducks _ bastards - Anas _ verschiedene Bastarde | Erlenzeisig - Siskin - Spinus spinus | | Falkenbussard - - Buteo buteo vulpinus | Falkenraubmöve - Long-tailed Skua - Stercorarius longicaudus | Falkenraubmöve - Long-tailed Skua - Stercorarius longicaudus | Fasan - Pheasant - Phasianus colchicus | Feldeggsfalke - Lanner - Lanner Falcon - Falco biarmicus | Feldlerche - Skylark - Alauda arvensis | Feldrohrsänger - - Acrocephalus agricola | Feldschwirl - Grasshopper Warbler - Locustella naevia | Feldsperling - Tree Sparrow - Passer montanus | Felsenkleiber - Rock Nuthatch - Sitta neumayer | Felsenschwalbe - Crag Martin - Ptyonoprogne rupestris | Felsentaube - Rock Dove - Columba livia. | Fichtenammer - Pine Bunting - Emberiza leucocephalos | Fichtenkreuzschnabel - Crossbill - Loxia curvirostra | Fischreiher - Graureiher - Heron - Ardea cinerea | Fitis - Willow Warbler - Phylloscopus trochilus | Flamingo - Flamingo - Phoenicopterus ruber | Flußregenpfeifer - Little Ringed Plover - Charadrius dubius | Flußseeschwalbe - Arctic Tern - Sterna hirundo | Flußseeschwalbe - Arctic Tern - Sterna hirundo | Flußseeschwalbe - Common Tern - Sterna hirundo. | Flußuferläufer - Common Sandpiper - Actitis hypoleucus | Flußuferläufer - Common Sandpiper - Actitis hypoleucus | Fregattvogel - - Fregata aquila* | | Gänsegeier - Griffon Vulture - Gyps fulvus | Gänsegeier - Griffon Vulture - Gyps fulvus | Gänsesäger - Goosander - Mergus merganser | Gänsesäger - Goosander - Mergus merganser | Gänsesäger - Goosander - Mergus merganser | Gartenbaumläufer - Short-toed Tree Creeper - Certhia brachydactyla | Gartengrasmücke - Garden Warbler - Sylvia borin | Gartenrohrsänger - - Acrocephalus streperus horticolus* | Gartenrotschwanz - Redstart - Phoenicurus phoenicurus | Gartenspötter - - Hippolais philomela* | Gebirgsstelze - Gray Wagtail - Motacilla cinerea. | Gebirgstelze - Gray Wagtail - Motacilla cinerea. | Gehäubter Laubsänger - - Phylloscopus coronatus* | Gelbbrauenammer - - Emberiza chrysophrys | Gelbbrauenlaubsänger - Yellow-browed Warbler - Phylloscopus inornatus | Gelbbrauige Schafstelze - - Motacilla melanocephala xanthophrys* | Gelbschnabel-Eistaucher - White-billed Diver - Gavia adamsii | Gelbspötter - Icterine Warbler - Hippolais icterina | Gelbstirnige Schafstelze - - Motacilla campestris* | Gerfalke Jagdfalke - Gyrfalcon - Falco rusticolus | Gimpel - Bullfinch - Pyrrhula pyrrhula | Gimpel - Bullfinch - Pyrrhula pyrrhula europaea | Girlitz - Serin - Serinus serinus | Gleitaar - Black-winged Kite - Elanus caeruleus | Gluckente - Baikal Teal - Anas formosa | Goldammer - Yellowhammer - Emberiza citrinella. | Goldhähnchenlaubsänger - Pallas's Leaf Warbler - Phylloscopus proregulus | Goldregenpfeifer - Golden Plover - Pluvialis apricaria | Grasläufer - Buff-breasted Sandpiper - Tryngites subruficollis | Grauammer - Corn Bunting - Emberiza calandra | Graugans - Grey-lag Goose - Anser anser | Grauköpfige Schafstelze - - Motacilla flava cinerocapillus* | Grauortulan - Cretzschmar's Bunting - Emberiza caesia | Grauschnäpper - Spotted Flycatcher - Ficedula striata | Grauspecht - Grey-headed Woodpecker - Picus canus | Große Nonnenmeise - - Parus meridionalis* | Große Raubmöve - Skua - Great Skua - Stercorarius skua | Großer Brachvogel - Curlew - Numenius arquata | Großer einspiegeliger Raubwürger - - Lanius excubitor borealis* | Großer Gerfalke - - Falco rusticolus islandus* | Großer Schreiadler - - Aquila maculata* | Großer zweispiegeliger Raubwürger - - Lanius excubitor homeyeri* | Großtrappe - Great Bustard - Otis tarda. | Grüner Waldsänger - - Dendroica virens | Grünfink - Greenfinch - Chloris chloris | Grünfüßiges Teichhuhn - Moorhen - Gallinula chloropus | Grünlaubsänger - Greenish Warbler - Phylloscopus trochiloides | Grünschenkel - Greenshank - Tringa nebularia | Grünschenkel - Greenshank - Tringa nebularia | Grünspecht - Green Woodpecker - Picus viridis | Gryllteiste - Black Guillemont - Cepphus grylle | | Habicht - Goshawk - Accipiter gentilis | Habichtsadler - Bonelli's Eagle - Hieraaetus fasciatus | Habichtskauz - Ural Owl - Strix uralensis | Häherkuckuck - Great Spotted Cuckoo - Coccystes glandarius | Hakengimpel - Pine Grosbeak - Pinicola enucleator | Halbringschnäpper - Semicollared Flycatcher - Ficedula semitorquata | Halsbandschnäpper - Collared Flycatcher - Ficedula albicollis | Haselhuhn - Hazel Hen - Tetrastes bonasia | Haubenlerche - Crested Lark - Galerida cristata | Haubenmeise - Crested Tit - Parus cristatus | Haubentaucher - Great Crested Grebe - Podiceps cristatus. | Haubentaucher - Great Crested Grebe - Podiceps cristatus. | Hausrotschwanz - Black Redstart - Phoenicurus ochruros | Hausschwalbe - House Martin - Delichon urbica | Haussperling - House Sparrow - Passer domesticus | Heckenbraunelle - Dunnock or Hedge Sparrow - Prunella modularis | Heckensänger - Rufous Bush Robin - Cercotrichas galactotes | Heidelerche - Woodlark - Lullula arborea | Heidelerche - - Lullula arborea | Heringsmöve - Lesser Black-backed Gull - Larus fuscus | Heringsmöve - Lesser Black-backed Gull - Larus fuscus | Heringsmöve - Lesser Black-backed Gull - Larus fuscus | Himalaya-Drossel - - Geocichla dauma* | Höckerschwan - Mute Swan - Cygnus olor | Hohltaube - Stock Dove - Columba oenas | | Isabellwürger - Isabelline Shrike - Lanius collurio isabellinus | | Jungfernkranich - Demoiselle Crane - Anthropoides virgo | | Kaiseradler - Imperial Eagle - Aquila heliaca | Kaiseradler - Imperial Eagle - Aquila heliaca | Kaiseradler - Imperial Eagle - Aquila heliaca | Kalanderlerche - Calandra Lark - Melanocorphya calandra | Kampfläufer - Ruff - Philomachus pugnax | Kampfläufer - Ruff - Philomachus pugnax | Kampfläufer - Ruff - Philomachus pugnax | Kappenammer - Black-headed Bunting - Emberiza melanocephala | Karmingimpel - Scarlet Grosbeak - Carpodacus erythrinus | Katzendrossel - - Dumatella carolinensis | Kiebitz - Lapwing - Vanellus vanellus | Kiebitzregenpfeifer - Grey Plover - Pluvialis squatarola | Kiefernkreuzschnabel - Parrot Crossbill - Loxia pytyopsittacus | Kirschkernbeißer - Hawfinch - Coccothraustes coccothraustes | Klappergrasmücke - Lesser Whitethroat - Sylvia curruca | Kleiber - Nuthatch - Sitta europaea . | Kleiber - Nuthatch - Sitta europaea caesia | Kleine Nonenmeise - - Parus dresseri* | Kleines Sumpfhuhn - Little Crake - Porzana parva | Kleinspecht - Lesser Spotted Woodpecker - Dendrocopus minor | Knäkente - Garganey - Anas querquedula | Knäkente - Garganey - Anas querquedula | Knut - Isländischer Strandläufer - Knot - Calidris canutus | Knut - Isländischer Strandläufer - Knut - Calidris canutus | Kohlmeise - Great Tit - Parus major . | Kolbenente - Red-crested Pochard - Netta rufina | Kolbenente - Red-crested Pochard - Netta rufina | Kolkrabe - Raven - Corvus corax | Kormoran - Cormorant - Phalacrocorax carbo | Kormoran - Cormorant - Phalacrocorax carbo | Kormoran - Cormorant - Phalacrocorax carbo | Kornweihe - Hen Harrier - Circus cyaneus | Korsikanischer Zitronenzeisig - - Serinus citrinella corsicanus | Krabbentaucher - Little Auk - Alle alle | Krabbentaucher - Little Auk - Alle alle | Kragenente - Harlequin - Histrionicus histrionicus | Kragentrappe - Houbara Bustard - Chlamydotis undulata | Krähenscharbe - Shag - Phalacrocorax aristolelis | Krähenscharbe - Shag - Phalacrocorax aristotelis | Krähenscharbe - Shag - Phalacrocorax aristotelis | Kranich - Crane - Grus grus | Krauskopfpelikan - Dalmatian Pelican - Pelecanus crispus | Krickente - Teal - Anas crecca | Krickente - Teal - Anas crecca | Kuckuck - Cuckoo - Cuculus canorus | Kuckuck - Cuckoo - Cuculus canorus | Kurzfangsperber - Levant Sparrowhawk - Accipiter brevipes | Kurzschnabelgans - Pink-footed Goose - Anser brachyrhynchus. | Kurzzehenlerche - Short-toed Lark - Calandrella brachydactyla | Küstenseeschwalbe - Arctic Tern - Sterna paradisea | Küstenseeschwalbe - Little Tern - Sterna paradisea | Küstenseeschwalbe - Little Tern - Sterna paradisea | | Lachmöve - Black-headed Gull - Larus ridibundus | Lachmöve - Black-headed Gull - Larus ridibundus | Lachmöve - Black-headed Gull - Larus ridibundus | Lachseeschwalbe - Common Tern - Gelochelidon nilotica | Lachseeschwalbe - Gull-billed Tern - Gelochelidon nilotica | Lachseeschwalbe - Gull-billed Tern - Gelochelidon nilotica | Lapplandeule - - Strix lapponicum* | Lapplandmeise - Sibirian Tit - Parus cinctus | Lasurmeise - Azure Tit - Parus cyanus . | Leinzeisig - geographische Formen - - Acanthis linaria* | Löffelente - Shoveler - Anas clypeata | Löffelente - Shoveler - Anas clypeata | Löffelente - Shoveler - Anas clypeata | Löffler - Spoonbill - Platalea leucorodia | | Mandarinenente - Mandarin - Aix galericulata | Mantelmöve - Great Black-backed Gull - Larus marinus | Mantelmöve - Great Black-backed Gull - Larus marinus | Mantelmöve - Great Black-backed Gull - Larus marinus | Marmelente - Marbled Duck - Marmaronetta angustirostris | Mauerläufer - Wall Creeper - Tichodroma muraria | Mauersegler - Swift - Apus apus | Mäusebussard - Buzzard - Buteo buteo | Mäusebussard - Buzzard - Buteo buteo | Meerstrandläufer - Purple Sandpiper - Calidris maritima | Meerstrandläufer - Purple Sandpiper - Calidris maritima | Merlin - Merlin - Falco columbarius | Misteldrossel - Mistle Thrush - Turdus viscivorus | Mitteldeutsche Haubenmeise - - Parus mitratus* | Mitteldeutsche Nonnenmeise - - Parus subpalustris* | Mittelmeersteinschmätzer - Black-eared Wheatear - Oenanthe hispanica | Mittelmeersteinschmätzer - Blck-eared Wheatear - Oenathe hispanica | Mittelsäger - Red-breasted Merganser - Mergus serrator | Mittelsäger - Red-breasted Merganser - Mergus serrator | Mittelsäger - Red-breasted Merganser - Mergus serrator | Mittelspecht - Middle Spotted Woodpecker - Dendrocopus medius | Mohrenlerche - Black Lark - Melanocorypha yeltoniensis | Mollymauk - Schwarzbrauenalbatros - Black-browed Albatross - Diomedea melanophrys | Mönchsgeier - Black Vulture - Aegypius monachus | Mönchsgrasmücke - Blackcap - Sylvia atricapilla | Mönchskranich - - Grus leucogeranus* | Moorente - Ferruginous Duck - Aythya nyroca | Moorente - Ferruginous Duck - Aythya nyroca | Moorente - Ferruginous Duck - Aythya nyroca | Moorschneehuhn - Willow Grouse - Lagopus lagopus | Mornellregenpfeifer - Dotterel - Charadrius morinellus | Mornellregenpfeifer - Dotterel - Charadrius morinellus | | Nachtigall - Nithingale - Luscinia megarhvnchos | Nachtreiher - Night Heron - Nycticorax nycticorax | Naumanns Drossel - Naumann's Thrush - Turdus naumanni | Nebelkrähe - Hooded Crow - Corvus corone cornix. | Nilgans - Egyptian Goose - Alopochen aegypticus | Nonnengans - Weißwangengans - Barnacle Goose - Branta leucopsis | Nordamerikanischer Wiesenpieper - - Anthus pensilvanicus* | Nordische Meise - - Parus borealis* | Nordische Schafstelze - - Motacilla flava borealis* | Nordischer Laubsänger - Wanderlaubsänger - Arctic Warbler - Phylloscopus borealis | | Odinshühnchen - Red-necked Phalarope - Phaloropus lobatus | Odinshühnchen - Red-necked Phalarope - Phaloropus lobatus | Ohrentaucher - Slavonian Grebe - Podiceps auritus | Ohrentaucher - Slavonian Grebe - Podiceps auritus | Olivenspötter - Olive-tree Warbler - Hippolais olivetorum | Orpheusspötter - Melodious Warbler - Hippolais polyglotta | Ortolan - Ortolan Bunting - Emberiza hortulana. | Östlicher Heckensänger - Rufous Bush Robin - Cercotrichas galactotes syriacus | | Papageitaucher - Puffin - Fratercula arctica | Petschorapieper - Pechora Pipit - Anthus gustavi | Pfeifente - Wigeon - Anas penelope | Pfeifente - Wigeon - Anas penelope | Pfuhlschnepfe - Bar-tailed Godwit - Limosa lapponica | Pfuhlschnepfe - Bar-tailed Godwit - Limosa lapponica | Pharaonenenachtschwalbe - Egyptian Nightjar - Caprimulgus aegyptius | Pirol - Golden Oriole - Oriolus oriolus | Polarmöve - Iceland Gull - Larus glaucoides | Polarmöve - Iceland Gull - Larus glaucoides | Prachtadler - - Aquila fulvescens* | Prachteiderente - King Eider - Somateria spectabilis | Prachteiderente - King Eider - Somateria spectabilis | Prachteiderente - King Eider - Somateria spectabilis | Prachttaucher - Black-throated Diver - Gavia arctica | Prachttaucher - Black-throated Diver - Gavia arctica | Prärieläufer - Upland Sandpiper - Bartramia longicauda | Prärieläufer - Upland Sandpiper - Bartramia longicauda | Provencegrasmücke - Dartford Warbler - Sylvia undata | Purpurreiher - Purple Heron - Ardea purpurea | | - | | Rabenkrähe - Carrion Crow - Corvus corone corone | Rackelwild - - Lyrurus tetrix x Tetrao urogallus | Rallenreiher - Squacco Heron - Ardeola ralloides | Raubseeschwalbe - Caspian Tern - Sterna caspia. | Raubseeschwalbe - Caspian Tern - Sterna caspia. | Raubseeschwalbe - Caspian Tern - Sterna caspia. | Raubwürger - Great Grey Shrike - Lanius excubitor. | Rauchschwalbe - Swallow - Hirundo rustica | Rauhfußbussard - Rough-legged Buzzard - Buteo lagopus | Rebhuhn - Partridge - Perdix perdix | Regenbrachvogel - Whimbrel - Numenius phaeopus | Reiherente - Tufted Duck - Aythya fuligula | Reiherente - Tufted Duck - Aythya fuligula | Rennvogel - Cream-coloured Courser - Cursorius gallicus | Riesenalk - - Alca impennis* | Riesenalk - - Alca impennis* | Riesensturmvogel - - Macronectes giganteus | Ringdrossel - Ring Ouzel - Turdus torquatus | Ringelgans - Brent Goose - Branta bernicla | Ringellumme - Guillemont - Uria aalgae | Ringellumme - Guillemont - Uria aalgae | Ringeltaube - Wood Pigeon - Ring Dove - Columba palumbus | Rohrammer - Reed Bunting - Emberiza schoeniclus | Rohrdommel - Bittern - Botaurus stellaris | Rohrschwirl - Savi's Warbler - Locustella luscinioides | Rosapelikan - White Pelican - Pelecanus onocrotalus | Rosengimpel - - Carpodacus roseus | Rosenmöve - Ross's Gull - Larus roseus | Rosenmöve - Ross's Gull - Larus roseus | Rosenseeschwalbe - Roseate Tern - Sterna dougallii | Rosenstar - Rose-coloured Starling - Pastor roseus | Rostflügel-Brachschwalbe - Giarol - Collared Pratincole - Glareola pratincola | Rostflügeldrossel - Dusky Thrush - Turdus naumannii | Rostgans - Ruddy Shelduck - Tadorna ferruginea | Rotdrossel - Redwing - Turdus iliacus | Rötelfalke - Lesser Kestrel - Falco naumanni | Rötelschwalbe - Red-rumped Swallow - Cercropis daurica | Roter Milan - Kite - Milvus milvus | Rotfußfalke - Red-footed Falcon - Falco vespertinus | Rothalsgans - Red-breasted Goose - Branta ruficollis | Rothalstaucher - Red-necked Grebe - Podiceps grisegena | Rothalstaucher - Red-necked Grebe - Podiceps grisegena | Rothuhn - Red-legged Partridge - Alectoris rufa | Rotkehlchen - Robin - Erithacus rubecula | Rotkehldrossel - Red-throated Thrush - Turdus ruficollis | Rotkehlpieper - Red-throated Pipit - Anthus cervina | Rotkehlpieper - Red-throated Pipit - Anthus cervina | Rotköpfiger Girlitz - - Serinus pusillus* | Rotkopfwürger - Woodchat Shrike - Lanius senator. | Rotrücken-Spottdrossel - - Toxostoma rufum | Rotrückenwürger - Neuntöter - Red-backed Shrike - Lanius collurio | Rotschenkel - Redshank - Tringa totanus | Rotschenkel - Redshank - Tringa totanus | Rotsterniges Blaukehlchen - Bluethroat - Luscinia svecica cyanecula | Rüppelseeschwalbe - Sooty Tern - Sterna bengalensis | Russische Blaumeise - - Parus pleskei* | Rußseeschwalbe - Sandwich Tern - Sterna fuscata | | Saatgans - Bean Goose - Anser fabalis | Saatkrähe - Rook - Corvus frugilegus | Säbelschnäbler - Avocet - Recurvirostra avosetta | Sanderling - Sanderling - Calidris alba | Sanderling - Sanderling - Calidris alba | Sandflughuhn - Black-bellied Sandgrouse - Pterocles orientalis | Sandregenpfeifer - Ringed Plover - Charadrius hiaticula | Sängergrasmücke - - Sylvia orphaea* | Schafstelze - Blue-headed Wagtail - Motacilla flava | Schafstelze - Blue-headed Wagtail - Motacilla flava beema | Scheckente - Steller's Eider - Polysticta stelleri | Schellente - Goldeneye - Bucephala clangula | Schellente - Goldeneye - Bucephala clangula | Schilfrohrsänger - Sedge Warbler - Calamodus schoenobaenus | Schinz' Strandläufer - - Caildis alpina schinzi* | Schinz' Strandläufer - - Calidris alpina schinzi* | Schlagschwirl - River Warbler - Locustella fluviatilis | Schlangenadler - Short-toad Eagle - Circaetus gallicus | Schleiereule - Barn Owl - Tyto alba | Schmarotzerraubmöve - Arctic Skua - Stercorarius parasiticus | Schmarotzerraubmöve - Arctic Skua - Stercorarius parasiticus | Schmarotzerraubmöve - Arctic Skua - Stercorarius parasiticus | Schmutzgeier - Egyptian Vulture - Neophron percnopterus | Schnatterente - Gadwall - Anas strepera | Schnatterente - Gadwall - Anas strepera. | Schnee-Eule - Snowy Owl - Nyctea scandiaca | Schneeammer - Snow Bunting - Plectrophenax nivalis | Schneeammer - Snow Bunting - Plectrophenax nivalis | Schneefink - Snow Finch - Montifringilla nivalis | Schneegans - Snow Goose - Anser caerulescens | Schreiadler - Lesser Spotted Eagle - Aquila pomarina | Schwalbenmöve - Sabine's Gull - Larus sabini | Schwalbenmöve - Sabine's Gull - Larus sabini | Schwanzmeise - Long-tailed Tit - Aegithalus caudatus | Schwarzbraune Schwanzmeise - - Aegithalus caudatus vagans* | Schwarzdrossel oder Amsel - Blackbird - Turdus merula | Schwarzer Milan - Black Kite - Milvus migrans | Schwarzflügel Brachschwalbe - Black-winged Pratincole - Glareola nordmanni | Schwarzhalstaucher - Black-necked Grebe - Podiceps nigricollis | Schwarzhalstaucher - Black-necked Grebe - Podiceps nigricollis | Schwarzkehlchen - Stonechat - Saxicula torquata | Schwarzkehldrossel oder Bechsteindrossel - Black-throated Thrush - Turdus ruficollis | Schwarzkehldrossel oder Bechsteindrossel - Black-throated Thrush - Turdus ruficollis atrigularis | Schwarzköpfige Schafstelze - - Motacilla melanocephala* | Schwarzkopfmöve - Mediterranean Gull - Larus melanocephalus | Schwarzkopfmöve - Mediterranean Gull - Larus melanocephalus | Schwarzkopfmöve - Mediterranean Gull - Larus melanocephalus | Schwarzschnabel-Sturmtaucher - Manx Shearwater - Puffinus puffinus | Schwarzspecht - Black Woodpecker - Dryocopus martius | Schwarzstirnwürger - Lesser Grey Shrike - Lanius minor | Schwarzstorch - Black Stork - Ciconia nigra | Seeadler - White-tailed Eagle - Haliaeetus albicilla | Seeadler - White-tailed Eagle - Haliaeetus albicilla | Seeadler - White-tailed Eagle - Haliaeetus albicilla | Seeregenpfeifer - Kentish Plover - Charadrius alexandrinus | Seeregenpfeifer - Kentish Plover - Charadrius alexandrinus | Seidenreiher - Little Egret - Egretta garzetta | Seidensänger - - Cettia cetti | Seidenschwanz - Waxwing - Bombycilla garrulus | Sibirische Drossel oder Schieferdrossel - Sibirian Thrush - Geocichla sibirica | Sibirischer Grünfink - Sibirian Greenfinch - Chloris sinica | Sibirischer Kleinspecht - Lesser Spotted Woodpecker - Dendrocopus minor pipra | Sibirischer Laubsänger - - Phylloscopus tristis* | Sibirischer Star - Sibirian Starling - Sturnus vulgaris menzbieri | Sichelente - - Anas falcata | Sichelstrandläufer - Curlew Sandpiper - Calidris ferruginea | Sichelstrandläufer - Curlew Sandpiper - Calidris ferruginea | Silbermöve - Herring Gull - Larus argentatus | Silbermöve - Herring Gull - Larus argentatus | Silbermöve - Herring Gull - Larus argentatus | Silberreiher - Great White Egret - Casmerodius albus | Singdrossel - Song Thrush - Turdus philomelos | Singschwan - Whooper Swan - Cygnus cygnus | Sommergoldhähnchen - Firecrest - Regulus ignicapillus | Spatelente - Barrow's Goldeneye - Bucephala islandica | Spatelraubmöve - Pomarine Skua - Stercorarius pomarinus | Spatelraubmöve - Pomarine Skua - Stercorarius pomarinus | Sperber - Sparrowhawk - Accipiter nisus | Sperber - Sparrowhawk - Accipiter nisus | Sperbereule - Hawk Owl - Surnia ulula | Sperbergrasmücke - Barred Warbler - Sylvia nisoria | Sperlingskauz - Pygmy Owl - Glaucidium passerinum | Spießente - Pintail - Anas acuta | Spießente - Pintail - Anas acuta | Spießente - Pintail - Anas acuta | Spießflughuhn - Pin-tailed Sandgrouse - Pterocles alchata | Spornammer - Lapland Bunting - Calcarius lapponicus | Spornammer - Lapland Bunting - Calcarius lapponicus | Spornpieper - Richard's Pipit - Anthus novaeseelandiae | Spornpieper - Richard's Pipit - Anthus novaeseelandiae | Sprosser - Thrush Nithiggale " - Luscinia luscinia | Star - Starling - Sturnus vulgaris | Star - Starling - Sturnus vulgaris | Steinadler - Goldadler - Golden Eagle - Aquila chrysaetos | Steinadler - Goldadler - Golden Eagle - Aquila chrysaetos | Steinadler - Goldadler - Golden Eagle - Aquila chrysaetos | Steinhuhn - Rock Partridge - Alectoris graeca | Steinkauz - Little Owl - Athene noctua | Steinrötel - Rock Thrush - Monticola saxatilis | Steinschmätzer - Wheatear - Oenanthe oenanthe | Steinsperling - Rock Sparrow - Petronia petronia | Steinwälzer - Turnstone - Arenaria interpres | Steinwälzer - Turnstone - Arenaria interpres | Stelzenläufer - Black-winged Stilt - Himantopus himantopus | Steppenadler - Steppe Eagle - Aquila nipalensis | Steppenbussard - - Buteo desertorum* | Steppenhuhn - Pallas' Sandgrouse - Syrrhaptes paradoxus | Steppenkiebitz - Sociable Plover - Chettusia gregaria | Steppenweihe - Pallid Harrier - Circus macrourus | Sterntaucher - Red-throated Diver - Gavia stellata | Sterntaucher - Red-throated Diver - Gavia stellata | Stieglitz - Goldfinch - Carduelis carduelis | Stockente - Mallard - Anas platyrhynchos | Stockente - Mallard - Anas platyrhynchos | Stockente - Mallard - Anas platyrhynchos | Strandpieper - Rock Pipit - Anthus obscurus | Strandpieper - Rock Pipit - Anthus obscurus | Streifenschwirl - Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler - Locustella certhiola | Strichelschwirl - Lanceolated Warbler - Locustella lanceolata | Stummellerche - Lesser Short-toed Lark - Calendrella rufescens | Sturmmöve - Common Gull - Larus canus | Sturmmöve - Common Gull - Larus canus | Sturmschwalbe - Storm Petrel - Hydrobates pelagicus | Südliche Schwanzmeise - - Aegitahlus caudatus Irby* | Südlicher Raubwürger - - Lanius excubitor meridionalis* | Sumpfläufer - Broad-billed Sandpiper - Limicola falcinellus | Sumpfmeise - Marsh Tit - Parus palustris. | Sumpfohreule - Short-eared Owl - Asio flammeus | Sumpfrohrsänger - Marsh Warbler - Acrocephalus palustris | Swainsons Drossel - - Turdus swainsonii* | | Tafelente - Pochard - Aythya ferina | Tamarisken-Rohrsänger - - Lusciniola melanopogon | Tannenhäher - Nutcracker - Nucifraga caryocatactes | Tannenmeise - Coal Tit - Parus ater | Teichrohrsänger - Reed Warbler - Acrocephalus scirpaceus | Teichwasserläufer - Marsh Sandpiper - Tringa stagnatilis | Teichwasserläufer - Marsch Sandpiper - Tringa stagnatilis | Temminckstrandläufer - Temminck's Stint - Calidris temminckii | Temminckstrandläufer - Temminck's Stint - Calidris temminckii | Tengmalmskauz - - Nyctala tengmalmi* | Terekwasserläufer - Terek Sandpiper - Xenus cinereus | Theklalerche - Thekla Lark - Galerida theklae | Thorshühnchen - Grey Phalarope - Phalaropus fulicarius | Thorshühnchen - Grey Phalarope - Phalaropus fulicarius | Tordalk - Razorbill - Alca torda | Tordalk - Razorbill - Alca torda | Trauerbachstelze - Pied Wagtail - Motacilla alba yarrellii | Trauerente - Common Scoter - Melanitta nigra | Trauerente - Common Scoter - Melanitta nigra | Trauermeise - Sombre Tit - Parus lugubris | Trauerschnäpper - Pied Flycatcher - Ficedula hypoleuca | Trauerschnäpper - Pied Flycatcher - Ficedula hypoleuca | Trauerseeschwalbe - Black Tern - Chlidonias niger | Trauerseeschwalbe - Black Tern - Chlidonias niger | Trauerseeschwalbe - Black Tern - Chlidonias niger | Triel - Stone Curlew - Burhinus oedicnemus | Tropikvogel - - Phaeton aethereus* | Trottellumme - Guillemont - Uria aalgae | Trottellumme - Guillemont - Uria aalgae | Tüpfelsumpfhuhn - Spotted Crake - Porzana porzana | Türkenammer - Cinereous Bunting - Emberiza cinerea | Turmfalke - Kestrel - Falco tinnunculus | Turteltaube - Turtle Dove - Streptopelia turtur | | Uferschnepfe - Black-tailed Godwit - Limosa limosa | Uferschnepfe - Black-tailed Godwit - Limosa limosa | Uferschwalbe - Sand Martin - Riparia riparia | Uhu - Eagle Owl - Bubo bubo | Unglückshäher - Sibirian Jay - Perisoreus infaustus | | Wachtel - Quail - Coturnix coturnix | Wachtelkönig - Corncrake - Crex crex | Waldammer - Rustic Bunting - Emberiza rustica | Waldbaumläufer - Tree Creeper - Certhia familiaris | Waldkauz - Tawny Owl - Strix aluco | Waldlaubsänger - Wood Warbler - Phylloscopus sibilatrix | Waldohreule - Long-eared Owl - Asio otus | Waldrapp - - Geronticus eremita | Waldschnepfe - Woodcock - Scolopax rusticola | Waldwasserläufer - Green Sandpiper - Tringa ochropus | Waldwasserläufer - Green Sandpiper - Tringa ochropus | Wanderdrossel - American Robin - Turdus migratorius | Wanderfalke - Peregrine Falcon - Falco peregrinus | Wanderfalke - Peregrine Falcon - Falco peregrinus | Wasseramsel - Dipper - Cinclus cinclus | Wasseramsel - Dipper - Cinclus cinclus aquaticus | Wasserpieper - Rock Pipit - Anthus spipoletta | Wasserpiper - Rock Pipit - Anthus spipoletta | Wasserralle - Water Rail - Rallus aquaticus. | Weidenammer - Yellow-breasted Bunting - Emberiza aureola | Weidenmeise - Willow Tit - Parus montanus | Weißbartgrasmücke - Subalpine Warbler - Sylvia cantillans | Weißbartseeschwalbe - Whiskered Tern - Chlidonias hybrida | Weißbartseeschwalbe - Whiskered Tern - Chlidonias hybrida | Weißbartseeschwalbe - Whiskered Tern - Chlidonias hybrida | Weißbrauendrossel - Eye-browed Thrush - Turdus obscurus | Weißer Storch - White Stork - Ciconia ciconia | Weißfedrige Drossel - - Geocichla mollissima* | Weißflügelseeschwalbe - White-winged Black Tern - Chlidonias leucopterus | Weißflügelseeschwalbe - White-winged Black Tern - Chlidonias leucopterus | Weißflügelseeschwalbe - White-winged Black Tern - Chlidonias leucopterus | Weißköpfiger Seeadler - Bindenseeadler - Bald Eagle - Haliaeetus leucocephalus | Weißkopf-Ruderente - White-headed Duck - Oxyura leucocephala | Weißrückenspecht - White-backed Woodpecker - Picoides leucotos | Weißzügelige Schafstelze - - Motacilla melanocephala paradoxa* | Wellenläufer - Leach's Petrel - Oceanodroma leucorhoa | Wendehals - Wryneck - Jynx torquilla | Wespenbussard - Honey Buzzard - Pernis apivorus | Wespenbussard - Honey Buzzard - Pernis apivorus | Weßflügellerche - White-winged Lark - Melanocorypha leucoptera | Wiedehopf - Hoopoe - Upupa epops | Wiesenpieper - Meadow Pipit - Anthus pratensis | Wiesenpieper - Meadow Pipit - Anthus pratensis | Wiesenweihe - Montagu's Harrier - Circus pygargus | Wilsons Drossel - - Turdus fuscescens | Wintergoldhähnchen - Goldcrest - Regulus regulus | Würgfalke - Saker Falcon - Falco cherrug | Wüstenflughuhn - - Pterocles exustus* | Wüstenregenpfeifer - Greater Sand Plover - Pluvialis dominica | Wüstenseteinschmätzer - Desert Wheatear - Oenanthe deserti | Wüstensteinschmätzer - Desert Wheatear - Oenanthe deserti | | - | | - | | Zaunammer - Cirl Bunting - Emberiza cirlus | Zaunkönig - Wren - Troglodytes troglodytes | Ziegenmelker - Nachtschwalbe - Nightjar - Caprimulgus europaeus | Zilpzalp - Chiffchaff - Phylloscopus collybita | Zippammer - Rock Bunting - Emberiza cia. | Zitronenstelze - Citrine Wagtail - Motacilla citreola | Zitronenzeisig - Zitronengirlitz - Citril Finch - Serinus citrinella | Zweibindiger Kreuzschnabel - Two-barred Crossbill - Loxia bifasciata | Zwergadler - Booted Eagle - Hieraaetus pennatus | Zwergammer - Little Bunting - Emberiza pusilla | Zwergbläßgans - Lesser White-fronted Goose - Anser erythropus | Zwergmöve - Little Gull - Larus minutus | Zwergmöve - Little Gull - Larus minutus | Zwergmöve - Little Gull - Larus minutus | Zwergohreule - Scops Owl - Otus scops | Zwergrohrdommel - Little Bittern - Ixobrychus minutus | Zwergsäger - Smew - Mergus albellus | Zwergsäger - Smew - Mergus albellus | Zwergsäger - Smew - Mergus albellus | Zwergsänger - - Hippolais salicaria* | Zwergscharbe Pygmy Cormorant - Phalacrocorax pygmaeus | Zwergscharbe Pygmy Cormorant - Phalacrocorax pygmaeus | Zwergscharbe Pygmy Cormorant - Phalacrocorax pygmaeus | Zwergschnäpper Red-breasted Flycatcher - Erythrosterna parva | Zwergschnepfe Jack Snipe - Lymnocryptes minimus | Zwergschwan Bewick's Swan - Cygnus bewickii | Zwergseeschwalbe Little Tern - Sterna albifrons | Zwergseeschwalbe - Sterna albifrons | Zwergseeschwalbe Common Tern - Sterna albifrons | Zwergstrandläufer Little Stint - Calidris minuta | Zwergstrandläufer Little Stint - Calidris minuta | Zwergtaucher Little Grebe - Tachybaptus ruficollis | Zwergtaucher Little Grebe - Tachybaptus ruficollis | Zwergtrappe Little Bustard - Tetrax tetrax.

Gruppen

BAND SYSREMATISCHE GRUPPE
Nomenkalur nach PETERSON... - Nomenklatur nach NAUMANN (1905)

• Drosseln
• Grasmücken, Timalien, Meisen, Baumläufer
• Lerchen, Stelzen, Waldsänger, Finkenvögel
• Stärlinge, Stare, Pirole, Rabenvögel, Würger, Fliegenfänger, Schwalben, Segler, Tagschläfer, Spechte, Bienenfresser, Eisvögel, Raken, Hopfe, Kuckucke
• Raubvögel
• Tauben, Hühner, Reiher, Flamingos, Störche
• Ibisse, Flughühner, Trappen, Kraniche, Rallen
• Regenpfeifer, Stelzenläufer, Wassertreter, Strandläufer
• Wasserläufer, Schnepfen, Schwäne, Gänse
• Enten
• Pelikane, Fregattvögel, Tölpel, Fluß-Scharben, Tropikvögel, Möven
• Sturmvögel, Steißfüße, Seetaucher, Flügeltaucher

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mumm
Bird Names - DE-ES-FR-IT-Latin-NL-UK

A translation index
Deutsch - English - Español - Français - Italiano - Nederlands

This WWW application allows you to search through a database of European bird names for the translation in nine languages: Latin (the scientific name of the species), Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Swedish and Russian. The database currently holds 804 records (species and sub-species).

It also gives the status of the species as defined by the 79/409/CEE and 91/244/CEE directives of the European Union.

The search interface to the database is available in six languages:
Ihre Sprache wählen | Kies uw taal | Select your language | Elija su idioma | Choisissez votre langue | Scegli la tua lingua

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Buecher zur Kategorie:

Etymologie, Etimología, Étymologie, Etimologia, Etymology
EU Europa, Europa, Europe, Europa, Europe
Luft, Aire, Air, Aria, Air

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Desfayes, Michel
A Thesaurus of Bird Names
Etymology of European Lexis Through Paradigms

Synopsis

The result of a lifetime's work, including 11 years, a professional ornithologist at the Smithsonian Institution, this great work will be of value to linguists as well as natural scientists. One innovation is the distinction of the origin of words into chromatic, acoustic, morphological and kinetic categories. The paradigms illustrate how the relationships of many European terms predate Latin and Greek. 'A bird by any other name...

These two massive and magnificent volumes contain around 100,000 bird names in 40 or so Indo-European languages. About 450 European and Middle Eastern species, with a few well-known introduced birds - ken, turkey, etc - are covered in Volume 1. Within each species, the names are listed by language from Irish Gaelic east to the Indo-European languages of Afghanistan and neighbouring regions, then Caucasian and Hamito-Semitic (Hebrew, Arabic, etc.) and finally Romany (Gypsy). The modern language groups involved are thus Celtic, Romance, Slavonic, Lettic (Baltic), Germanic, Albanian, Greek, Iranian, the enigmatic Basque tongue, Hamito-Semitic and Caucasian.

There are cross-references within each group of names to appendices in Volume II and species numbers in Volume I. The breadth and depth of coverage is truly astonishing: for example, out of 13 pages of names for the Magpie Pica pica, seven pages are dedicated to German appellations, and among 20 pages for the Wren Troglodytes troglodytes, five focus on French names, prominent among which is roitelet ('kinglet') now appropriated for Regulus. Working on the premise that local speech, the true 'fossils' of vocabulary, is of pre-eminent importance for etymological research, the author also deals in masterly fashion with names in the dialects of English. Preceding the all-important paradigms in Volume II is an appendix of bird names in ancient languages and one giving the sources of scientific names borrowed from Greek, Latin or regional speech, also a sub-section on unidentified species (21 languages).

The paradigms (or filiations) attempt to show in family trees of words the semantic relationships of groups of European terms (bird names and many others), thus allowing models or structures to be studied rather than isolated words and clearly demonstrating that almost all roots are common to all major groups of European languages, often even to some outside Europe.

Appendices 3-6 cover, respectively, paradigms of terms of chromatic (claimed to be the most complete collection of colour words ever compiled), morphological, acoustic and kinetic origin. The following topics are dealt with in appendices 7-15: arm, wing, articulation; to seize or capture; smallness; diving and swimming birds, various ways of diving; flight and lightness; circle and birds (i.e. rotund or circling in the air); names for 'bird'; miscellaneous names (nestling, feather, flock, etc.); lexicons of falconry, etc. More than 2000 bat names are given in Appendix 16, the names of over 1000 bird species from francophone overseas countries in Appendix 17 and some 8000 Latin-American names (Spanish, Portuguese and Amerindian) for 1700 species in Appendix 18.

This book is a stupendous achievement, a philological tour de force, a celebration of birds, and of man's relationship with nature, expressed through the wondrous gift of language; it is endlessly entertaining, instructive and illuminating. A few moments of browsing and you are likely to get hooked; when it comes to word search, the CD-rom is recommended' - M.G. Wilson, "Ibis, The International Journal of Avian Science", 142: 333-334, 2000. 'This monumental work deals not with scientific names or 'Linnaean' nomenclature, but with names for birds that exist in other than the scientific idiom - the so-called 'common' or 'folk' names for birds.

The first volume is a compilation of such names for all of the species of European and Middle Eastern birds, plus a few others that are almost universally known, such as the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus) and the Ostrich (Struthio camelus). Unfortunately, the introductory material does not clearly state or list which languages are included, but most of them appear in the list of abbreviations.

Names for birds have been sought in Indo-European languages including 'Iranian, Caucasian, and Hamito-Semitic languages' because 'the area covered by these languages includes the Palaearctic region, a zoogeographical entity within which can be found most of the European bird species'. Names in Finnish, Estonian, and Hungarian are omitted because they are not Indo-European languages. Names from languages written with different alphabet characters, such as Cyrillic, Hebrew, and Greek, are transliterated with Roman characters.

The first volume proceeds species by species, with each account consisting of a list of names, given language by language, arranged in a geographical sequence more or less from the northwest (British Isles) to the south and east. All names that the author could discover are presented along with information on the counties or provinces in which each name, no matter how local, is used. The amount of detail is staggering. The section on names for the Magpie (Pica pica), for example, comprises of 13 pages, of which more than 6 deal only with names used in Germany.

Being Swiss, with an interest in etymology, Desfayes naturally has several languages at his command and has written his book using more than one. In the species accounts, explanatory remarks are generally in French, except for names from the British Isles, for which English is used. Remarks about German names seem to be in either German or English. Definitions in Volume Two may be in either English or French. Anyone who is linguistically challenged would have considerable difficulty using this work, but would have little need for it in any case.

The second volume is less easily characterized. About two-thirds of it consists of what Desfayes refers to as his 'paradigms' (Appendices 3-14). Here, names or the words used in names, along with various cognates (or perhaps pseudocognates), are arranged according to qualities, somewhat in the manner of the familiar "Roget's Thesaurus of English" words. The major groupings include terms of chromatic origin (e.g. red, dark, spotted), morphological (e.g. tall, tufted, swollen), acoustic (mostly onomatopoeic), kinetic (e.g. fly, wag, dive), and others.

The ultimate subheadings are combinations of sounds used in words that Desfayes identifies as being related to a given quality. Thus, section 3.2.54.2 is a list of words that contain the sounds 'r-p' and mean 'red', including the Greek, Latin, English, Czech and other words for turnip (rapys, rapa, rape, repka). The list also contains a Russian word for menstrues (repaki), Serbo-Croatian, Polish, Ukranian and other words for linnet, robin, and whinchat (repka, rzepoluch, repel, repalsic), and a French word for the caruncles of a turkey (roupie), among others. There are fascinating diversions to be encountered here. For example, we learn that the traditional (and believable) derivation of 'belladonna' is folk etymology, and that 'mayonnaise' according to Desfayes, is related to words meaning flecked or spotted, and is not derived from the siege of Port Mahon, Minorca, as given in many etymologies. These paradigms will be of as much interest to philologists and ethnolinguists as they may be to ornithologists.

That great erudition, maybe even genius, has been exercised in their compilation is scarcely to be doubted, though I cannot shake off the impression that they may reflect considerable idiosyncrasy as well.

The second volume also contains various other lists of bird names, including those in ancient languages, words for nests, eggs, and bats, terms used in falconry, and bird names from 'overseas francophone countries' and Latin America. There is no index, because this would have added more than 700 pages to the work. The CD-ROM, therefore, is an absolute necessity. If, for example, one encountered an unknown word for some European bird and wanted to know to what species it applied, there would be no practical way to find it without searching the text with a computer. I have little doubt that it would be found, however. Michel Desfayes has presented us with a labor of love of such scope as to leave thoughtful reviewers with a lingering sense of their own deficiencies' - Storrs L Olson, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, USA. E-mail: olson.storrs@nmnh.si.edu.

"The Auk", Organ of the American Ornithologists' Union, 118 (3):815-816, 2001.

2 Volume Set and CD-ROM
2510 pages
Distributed by NHBS
Hardcover and CD set | 1998 | £175.00 | approx. $315/€216
#128990 | ISBN-10: 2884260218

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