Etymologie, Étymologie, Etymology, Etymologie
NL Niederlande, les Pays-Bas, The Netherlands, Koninkrijk der Nederlanden
Chemie, Chimie, Chemistry
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hetnet - Namen van de chemische elementen
Chemical Elements Etymology
(E?)(L1) http://home.hetnet.nl/~vanadovv/
(E1)(L1) http://home.hetnet.nl/~vanadovv/PernamenET.html
Elementnamen meertalig:
F A Q (also in English)
Nederlands, Engels, Frans, Duits, Italiaans, Spaans, Portugees, Potjeslatijn, Roemeens, Esperanto, Galicisch, Catalaans, Occitaans, Bretons, Welsh, Iers, Schots, Zweeds, Deens, Noors, IJslands, Grieks, Fins, Estlands, Hongaars, Turks, Litouws, Lets, Russisch, Ukraïens, Wit-Russisch, Bulgaars, Servisch (Cyr.), Macedonisch, Pools, Tsjechisch, Slowaaks, Sloveens, Servisch (Lat.), Kroatisch, Bosnisch, Mongools (Cyr.), Indonesisch, Chinees, Japans, Koreaans, Thai (Macintosh), Thai (Windows), Vietnamees, Etymologie
Er werden zo veel mogelijk bronnen en woordenboeken geraadpleegd. Merk op dat veel Amerikaanse bronnen en hun talrijke kopieën taalkundig nogal slordige verklaringen geven. Geprobeerd werd het beter te doen, maar als u suggesties heeft, dan graag. De lichtblauwe tabelkop wordt herhaald bij iedere start van een nieuwe (sub)periode.
Ac actinium | Al aluminium | Am americium | Sb antimoon | Ar argon | As arseen | At astaat | Ba barium | Bk berkelium | Be beryllium | Bi bismut | Bh bohrium | B boor | Br broom | Cd cadmium | Ca calcium | Cf californium | Ce cerium | Cs cesium | Cl chloor | Cr chroom | Cm curium | Ds darmstadtium | Db dubnium | Dy dysprosium | Es einsteinium | Er erbium | Eu europium | Fm fermium | F fluor | P fosfor | Fr francium | Gd gadolinium | Ga gallium | Ge germanium | Au goud | Hf hafnium | Hs hassium | He helium | Ho holmium | Fe ijzer | In indium | Ir iridium | I jood | K kalium | Co kobalt | C koolstof | Cu koper | Kr krypton | Hg kwik | La lanthaan | Lr lawrencium | Li lithium | Pb lood | Lu lutetium | Mg magnesium | Mn mangaan | Mt meitnerium | Md mendelevium | Mo molybdeen | Na natrium | Nd neodymium | Ne neon | Np neptunium | Ni nikkel | Nb niobium | No nobelium | Os osmium | Pd palladium | Pt platina | Pu plutonium | Po polonium | Pr praseodymium | Pm promethium | Pa protactinium | Ra radium | Rn radon | Re rhenium | Rh rhodium | Rb rubidium | Ru ruthenium | Rf rutherfordium | Sm samarium | Sc scandium | Sg seaborgium | Se seleen | Si silicium | N stikstof | Sr strontium | Ta tantaal | Tc technetium | Te telluur | Tb terbium | Tl thallium | Th thorium | Tm thulium | Sn tin | Ti titaan | Uub ununbium | U uraan | V vanadium | H waterstof | W wolfraam | Xe xenon | Yb ytterbium | Y yttrium | Ag zilver | Zn zink | Zr zirkoon | O zuurstof | S zwavel
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vanderkrogt
Eine Spitzen-Site zur chemischen Namensgebung und Chemie-Geschichte
Elementymology & Elements Multidict by Peter van der Krogt
Multilingual & Name Origin Periodic Table
Elements Multidict - Element names in 72 languages
Chronology of the discovery
Persons involved in the discovery and naming
Name origin
Names that did not make it
Seven metals known from antiquity in 100 languages (Fe Cu Ag Sn Au Hg Pb)
History of the Chemical Symbols
Chemistianity 1873
Non-chemical and non-English periodic tables
(E1)(L1) http://www.vanderkrogt.net/
(E1)(L1) http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/
(E1)(L1) http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/ptable.html
mit guter etymologischer Erklärung und "Multilingual Dictionary" zu jedem chemischen Element.
Contents:
- Multilingual & Name Origin Periodic Table. Javascript: Elements in twelve languages and access to the element files.
- Elements Multidict. Element names in 72 languages | Language Codes (ISO-639) | Indo-European | — Germanic | en English | de German | lb Luxembourgian | nl Dutch | af Afrikaans | fy Frisian | da Danish | sv Swedish | no Norwegian | is Icelandic | fo Faroese | — Italic | la Latin (header) | fr French | es Spanish | ca Catalan | oc Occitan | pt Portuguese | gl Galician | it Italian | fur Friulian | ro Romanian | mo Moldavian | arm Aromanian | — Slavic | ru Russian | ua Ukrainian | by Byelorussian | pl Polish | kas Kashubian | cs Czech | sk Slovak | sl Slovenian | hr Croatian | sr Serbian | bos Bosnian | mk Macedonian | bg Bulgarian | — Baltic | lt Lithuanian | lv Latvian | sud Sudovian | — Celtic | cy Welsh | ga Irish Gaelic | gd Scottish Gaelic | gv Manx Gaelic | kw Cornish | br Breton | Other (Europe) | el Greek | sq Albanian | hy Armenian | Indo-Iranian | oss Ossetian Other (Europe) | eu Basque | ka Georgian | Uralic | fi Finnish | et Estonian | hu Hungarian | mok Mokshan | Altaic | tr Turkish | kk Kazakh | uz Uzbek | tg Tajik | mn Mongolian | East- & South-Asia | ja Japanese | zh Chinese | ko Korean | vi Vietnamese | th Thai | ms Malay | ta Tamil | Afro-Asiatic | ar Arabic | mt Maltese | he Hebrew | Africa | Artificial | eo Esperanto
- Elements arranged after the:
- » Chronology of the discovery
- » Persons involved in the discovery and naming
- » Name origin
- » Names that did not make it
- Seven metals known from antiquity in >100 languages (Fe Cu Ag Sn Au Hg Pb)
- History of the Chemical Symbols
- Chemistianity 1873
- Sources.
- Non-chemical and non-English periodic tables.
(E1)(L1) http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/multidict.html
Language Codes (ISO-639)
- Indo-European — Germanic: en English | de German | lb Luxembourgian | nl Dutch | af Afrikaans | fy Frisian | da Danish | sv Swedish | no Norwegian | is Icelandic | fo Faroese
- Italic: la Latin (header) | fr French | es Spanish | ca Catalan | oc Occitan | pt Portuguese | gl Galician | it Italian | fur Friulian | ro Romanian | mo Moldavian | arm Aromanian
- — Slavic: ru Russian | uk Ukrainian | by Byelorussian | pl Polish | kas Kashubian | cs Czech | sk Slovak | sl Slovenian | hr Croatian | sr Serbian | bos Bosnian | mk Macedonian | bg Bulgarian
- Baltic: lt Lithuanian | lv Latvian sud Sudovian
- Celtic: cy Welsh | ga Irish Gaelic | gd Scottish Gaelic | gv Manx Gaelic | kw Cornish | br Breton
- Other (Europe): el Greek | sq Albanian | hy Armenian
- Indo-Iranian: oss Ossetian
- Other (Europe): eu Basque | ka Georgian
- Uralic: fi Finnish | et Estonian | hu Hungarian | mok Mokshan
- Altaic: tr Turkish | kkKazakh | uzUzbek | tgTajik | mn Mongolian
- East- & South-Asia: ja Japanese | zh Chinese | ko Korean | vi Vietnamese | th Thai | ms Malay | ta Tamil
- Afro-Asiatic: ar Arabic | mt Maltese | he Hebrew
- Africa: sw Swahili
- Artificial: eo Esperanto
- New names: aen Atomic Elements | dms Dorseyville
(E1)(L1) http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/fecu.html
Fe Cu Ag Sn Au Hg Pb — Iron, Copper, Silver, Tin, Gold, Mercury, & Lead
Seven metals known from antiquity in 119 languages
(E1)(L1) http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/chemical_symbols.html
Lavoisier 1789 - 33 elements
Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794) introduced the system of chemical nomenclature. His Traité Élémentaire de Chimie (1789) was the first modern chemical textbook, and presented a unified view of new theories of chemistry. In addition, it contained a list of 33 elements, or substances that could not be broken down further. His list also included light (lumière) and caloric (calorique), which he believed to be material substances. Lavoisier himself grouped them into four categories on the basis of their chemical properties:
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Dalton 1808 - 36 elements
John Dalton (1766-1844) was an English meteorologist who switched to chemistry when he saw the applications for chemistry of his ideas about the atmosphere. He proposed the Atomic Theory in 1803 which stated that
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Berzelius 1813-14 - 47 elements
As we see in the complete list of Daltin symbols, the symbol for newly discovered elements was a letter or two letters in a circle. It is therefor quite logical that a few years later, in Sweden, Berzelius suggested just using letters, argumenting those are easier to write and print.
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Mendeleev 1869 - 63 elements
Dmitrij Ivanovic Mendeleev (1834-1907) (how to spell his name? click here) had in 1869 assembled detailed descriptions of more than 60 elements and, on 6 March 1869 a formal presentation was made to the Russian Chemical Society entitled "The Dependence Between the Properties of the Atomic Weights of the Elements." Unfortunately, Mendeleev was ill and the presentation was given by his colleague Professor Menshutken. The same year, a summary of this paper was published in German in the Zeitschrift für Chemie (note). There were eight points to his presentation:
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Henry Moseley 1913
When Argon was discovered, the masses of Argon and Potassium were reversed. Henry Moseley found the reason for these apparent exceptions to the rule. As a result of Moseley's work, the periodic law was revised. He stated that physical and chemical properties are a periodic function of their atomic number, rather than mass. This better explained the gaps in the table. The atomic number of an element indicates the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of the element. The atomic number also indicates the number of electrons surrounding the nucleus. Herewith he created the modern periodic table in which each succeeding element has one more proton and electron than the former element.
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Hier habe ich einen Hinweis zur Bildung der Elementsymbole gefunden, die auf Berzelius zurückgeht. Danach werden die Symbole der chemischen Elemente wie folgt gebildet.
- 1. Ein chemisches Element erhält den ersten Buchstaben des lateinischen Elementnamens als Symbol zugeordnet.
- 2. Bei zwei Elementen mit dem gleichen Anfangsbuchstaben wird der zweite Buchstabe hinzugenommen.
- 3. Sollten die beiden ersten Buchstaben gleich sein wird als zweiter Buchstabe des symbols der erste unterschiedliche Konsonant genommen.
Als Beispiele sind aufgeführt:
- S = sulphur, Si = silicium, St = stibium (antimony), Sn = stannum (tin)
- C = carbonicum, Co = cobaltum (cobalt), Cu = cuprum (copper)
- O = oxygen, Os = osmium
Ob diese Bildungsregel bei allen chemischen Symbolen bis heute eingehalten wurde habe ich nicht überprüft. Zumindest findet man in einem Dokument den Hinweis:
1818, gerade 10 Jahre nach Dalton's "New System of Chemical Philosophy", schlug J. J. Berzelius die heute noch verwendeten chemischen Zeichen der Fachöffentlichkeit vor.
(E1)(L1) http://www.vanderkrogt.net/elements/intro_pertab.html
Go to:
- » Elementymology & Elements Multidict: Introduction to this site
- » Elements Multidict: Multilingual dictionary of element names
- » Chronology of the discovery of the elements
- » Index of Persons involved in the discovery of the elements
- » Names that did not make it
mit guter etymologischer Erklärung und "Multilingual Dictionary" zu jedem chemischen Element.
(E1)(L1) http://www.vanderkrogt.net/elements/origin_index.html
NAME ORIGIN
- Ancient names: 26 Ferrum iron | 29 Cuprum copper | 47 Argentum silver | 50 Stannum tin | 79 Aurum gold | 82 Plumbum lead | 6 Carbonium carbon | 16 Sulphurium sulphur | 33 Arsenicum arsenic | 51 Stibium antimony | 80 Hydrargyrum mercury | 83 Bisemutum bismuth
- Minerals and ores: 27 Cobalt | 28 Nickel | 30 Zinc | 74 Wolfram | 3 Lithium | 4 Beryllium | 5 Borium | 11 Natrium | 13 Aluminium | 14 Silicium | 19 Kalium | 20 Calcium | 40 Zirconium | 48 Cadmium | 42 Molybdenum | 78 Platinum | 86 Radon | 91 Protactinium
- Properties: 1 Hydrogenium | 7 Nitrogenium | 8 Oxygenium | 18 Argon | 85 Astatium | 9 Fluorine | 15 Phosphorus | 56 Barium | 88 Radium | 89 Actinium | 17 Chlorine | 24 Chromium | 45 Rhodium | 53 Iodium | 77 Iridium | 37 Rubidium | 49 Indium | 55 Cesium | 81 Thallium | 35 Bromium | 76 Osmium | 57 Lanthanium | 66 Dysprosium | 36 Krypton | 54 Xenon | 43 Technetium
- Toponyms: 12 Magnesium | 21 Scandium | 25 Manganese | 31 Gallium | 32 Germanium | 38 Strontium | 39 Yttrium | 44 Ruthenium | 63 Europium | 65 Terbium | 67 Holmium | 68 Erbium | 69 Thulium | 70 Ytterbium | 71 Lutetium | 72 Hafnium | 75 Rhenium | 84 Polonium | 87 Francium | 95 Americium | 97 Berkelium | 98 Californium | 105 Dubnium | 108 Hassium | 110 Darmstadtium | 2 Helium | 34 Selenium | 46 Palladium | 52 Tellurium | 58 Cerium | 80 Hydrargyrum mercury | 92 Uranium | 93 Neptunium | 94 Plutonium
- Personal names: 22 Titanium | 23 Vanadium | 41 Niobium | 73 Tantalum | 61 Promethium | 90 Thorium | 62 Samarium | 64 Gadolinium | 96 Curium | 99 Einsteinium | 100 Fermium | 101 Mendelevium | 102 Nobelium | 103 Lawrencium | 104 Rutherfordium | 106 Seaborgium | 107 Bohrium | 109 Meitnerium | 111 Roentgenium
- Others: 10 Neon | 59 Praseodymium | 60 Neodymium
(E1)(L1) http://www.vanderkrogt.net/elements/multidict.html
Elementymology & Elements Multidict
Multilingual dictionary of the names of chemical elements
(E1)(L1) http://www.vanderkrogt.net/elements/didnot_index.html
Es ist ja auch nicht uninteressant, welche vorgeschlagenen Elementnamen nicht zum Zuge kamen.
NAMES THAT DID NOT MAKE IT
Accretium | Actin(e)on (An) | Actinium | Actinium Emanation | Actinium-A to D, K, X | Actino-uranium | Agusterde | Alabamine (Ab), | Alabamium (Am) | Alcaligène | Alcalinium, Alkalinium | Aldebaranium | Alkalinium, Alcalinium | Alumium | Andronia, Andronium | Anglium | Anglohelvetium (Ah) | Angularium | Antimonium | Archonium | Argon (A) | Aridium | Asterium | Athenium (An) | Aurum paradoxium | Ausonium (Ao) | Austrium | Azote (Az) | Barytium | Berzelium | Bohemium (Bo) | Boracium | Brevium (Bv) | Carolinium | Cassiopeium (Cp) | Celtium (Ct) | Centium | Centurium (Ct) | Cererium | Ceresium | Colonium | Columbium (Cb) | Coronium | Crodonium | Cyclonium | Cyclotronium | Dakin | Danium | Danubium (Da) | Davyum | Decipium (Dp) | Demonium | Denebium | Deuterium | Dianium | Didymium (Di) | Diplogenium | Donarium | Dor (Do) | Dubhium | DVI = Two (Sanskrite) | Dvi-Manganese | Dvi-Rubidium | Dvi-Tellurium (Dt) | EKA = One (Sanskrite) | Eka-Aluminium | Eka-Boron | Eka-Caesium | Eka-Gold (Eka-Aurum?) | Eka-Iodine | Eka-Iridium | Eka-Manganese | Eka-Osmium | Eka-Platinum | Eka-Rhenium | Eka-Silicon | Eka-Tantalum | Emanium | En(ne)actinium | Eosium | Erythronium | Esperium, Hesperium (Es) | Euprosium | Eurosamarium | Euxenium | Exactinio | Exradio | Exthorio | Extremium | Florentium (Fr) | Francium (Fa) | Geocoronium | Glucinium, Glucium | Gourium | Helvetium (Hv) | Hesperium, Esperium (Es) | Hibernium | Illinium (Il) | Ilmenium (Il) | Incognitium | Infra-Carbon | Ionium | Jargonium | Jargonium (Jg) | Joliotium | Junonium | Klaprothium | Kosmium | Lawrencium | Lawrencium (Lw) | Leptin | Lewisium | Littorium | Lucium | Magnium | Masrium (Ms) | Masurium (Ma) | Meitnium (Mt) | Melinium | Menachin | Mendelevium | Mesothorium | Metargon | Moldavium | Mosandrum | Muriaticum | Muride | Nebulium | Neo-erbium | Neokosmium | Neothulium | Neoytterbium (Ny) | Neptunium | Newium | Newtonium (Nw) | Nielsbohrium (Ns) | Nigrium | Nipponium | Niton (Ni) or (Nt) | Nonactinium | Norium (No) | Norwegium (Ng) | Novum | Ochroite | Odinium (Od) | Offium | Orthohelium | Ostranium | Panchromium | Panormium | Parahelium | Pelopium (Pe) | Percentium | Philippium (Pp) | Phtor | Pluranium | Plutonium | Polinium | Potassium | Praedicium | Prodaniukium | Protofluorine | Protohydrogen | Ptene | Radioactinium | Radiobismuth | Radiolead | Radiotellurium | Radium Emanation | Radium-A to G | Radlabium | Rolandium | Russium | Samarium (Sa) | Scheelium | Scotium | Sequanium (Sq) | Sirium | Sodium (So) | Spectrium (Sp) | Thelike | Therine (Te) | Thor(e)on (Tn) | Thorium (T) | Thorium Emanation | Thulium (Tu or Tu) | Tritium | Tungsten (Tn, Tu) | Tyrium (Ty) | Ultimium | Universitium | Uranium | Vesbium | Vestaeium or Vestium | Vestium | Virginium (Vi, Vm) | Wasium | Welsium | Wodanium | Yorkium | Yttrium (Yt)
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