Etymologie, Étymologie, Etymology, Etymologi
SE Schweden, la Suède, Sweden, Sverige
Pflanzen, Plantes, Plants

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L., Linnaeus, Linné (W3)

Carl von Linné ("Carolus Linnaeus"), Arzt, Botaniker, Naturwissenschaftler, geboren: 23.05.1707 (Stenbrohult), gestorben: 10.01.1778 (Uppsala). Sein offizielles botanisches Autorenkürzel lautet "L.". In der Zoologie wird "Linnaeus" als Autorenkürzel verwendet.

Nachdem "Carl Linnaeus" 1756 vom schwedischen König Adolf Friedrich geadelt wurde, nannte er sich "Carl von Linné". Der Adelsbrief wurde auf den 20 April 1757 datiert, der König unterzeichnete ihn allerdings erst 1761 und wirksam wurde die Erhebung in den Adelsstand erst 1762 mit der Bestätigung durch den Riddarhuset.

Der Name des schwedischen Botanisten "Linné" leitet sich ab vom "Linden"-Baum.

Carl von Linné hat vermutlich die größte Anzahl neuer Bezeichnungen eingeführt.

In seinem Hauptwerk "Systema nature" (1735) unterteilte er die Natur in drei Reiche: "Steine", "Pflanzen", "Tiere". Diese "Reiche" wurden weiter untergliedert in "Klassen", "Ordnungen", "Gattungen", "Arten". In seinem 1753 erschienen Werk "Species plantarum" (das ab der 10. Auflage in "Systema nature" integriert wurde) stellte er seine "binäre Nomenklatur" vor, in der jedes Tier und jede Pflanze einen zweiteiligen lateinischen Namen erhielten, bestehend aus der Gattungsangabe und einem Beiwort zur genaueren Charakterisierung. Im Jahr 1766 erhielt auch der Mensch eine solche binäre Bezeichnung "Homo sapiens".

Diese "binäre Nomenklatur" setzte sich noch zu seinen Lebzeiten durch und ermöglichte eine genaue wissenschaftliche Bezeichnung. Die bis zu seiner Zeit benutzten Bezeichnungen glichen eher Beschreibungen im Satzlängenformat.

(E?)(L1) http://agora.qc.ca/mot.nsf/Dossiers/Carl_von_Linne
(E?)(L1) http://agora.qc.ca/mot.nsf/Dossiers/Linnee_boreale
(E2)(L1) http://www.astrolink.de/p012/p01204/p01204090845.htm
"Linné" wurde auch auf dem Mond als Name für einen Krater mit 2km Durchmesser verewigt.

(E?)(L1) http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/l/linne_c.shtml
(E?)(L?) http://gallica.bnf.fr/
Die Recherche nach "Linné" ergab 76 Dokumente, aber leider scheinen nicht alle Dokumente wirklich verfügbar zu sein, oder die internen Links stimmen nicht.
Résultat de la recherche : 76 documents répondent à la requête.

(E1)(L1) http://www.davesgarden.com/botanary/
"botanary" Almost 250 years ago, the Swedish botanist Carl von Linné published "Species Plantarum" and "binomial nomenclature" was born. This systematic approach to naming plants (and animals) is still the universally-recognized system used today. While many gardeners struggle with "Latin names" of plants, knowing a plant's botanical name allows you to converse with gardeners all over the world.

Here you can look up a plant name, discover its meaning and find a guide to pronouncing it. But take it from W.T. Stearn, an authority on the subject: "Botanical Latin is essentially a written language .... How they are pronounced really matters little provided they sound pleasant and are understood by all concerned..."

If you were looking for a gardening term (but not necessarily a plant name) try Gardenology, the Dave's Garden knowledge base of gardening terminology.

(E?)(L?) http://davesgarden.com/guides/botanary/vbl/l/640
Linnaea | linnaeana | linnaeanum | linnaeanus | Linnea
Meaning: Named for Carl von Linné, 18th century Swedish botanist often referred to as the Father of Taxonomy

(E?)(L1) http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost18/Linne/lin_intr.html
Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linné), medicus et biologus Sueticus, natus anno 1707. anno 1732 iter fecit in Lapponiam, praeclarum est huius expeditionis diarium, suetice scriptum. anno 1747 archiater regius, obiit anno 1778 in Uppsala.
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Carolus Linnaeus cum «Linnea boreali» (Per Krafft, Uppsala University collections)
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(E?)(L?) http://www.kordes-rosen.com/deutsch/service/faq.asp
Systematik: Carl von Linné hat 1735 das System aufgestellt, nach dem die Verwandtschaft der Pflanzen bestimmt wird. Ausgehend von den Sexualorganen ordnete er ähnliche Pflanzen in Gruppen wie Familie, Gattung und Art. Der botanische Name einer Pflanze besteht aus dem Gattungsnamen und dem Artnamen. Die Hundsrose heißt z. B. Rosa canina.

(E?)(L?) http://www.kva.se/
Royal Swedish Academy of Science

(E?)(L?) http://www.kva.se/KVA_Root/eng/_news/detail.asp?NewsId=807
The Linnaeus Celebration 2007
KVA,1/28/2006 4:11:00 PM
Carl Linnaeus was born nearly 300 years ago in a small village in Småland, Råshult. Celebrations of the tercentenary are currently being prepared throughout Sweden and in many places abroad.

At the Academy a national secretariat has been established to coordinate mainly five major projects at a national level: a Swedish contribution to the Chelsea Flower Show, a series of documentary films from seven continents, inspirational activities in schools, a touring exhibition, and an anniversary book. Many additional events and activities are being arranged throughout Sweden, some of them, including events at museums, events for tourists and initiatives in public education, being co-ordinated by national subcommittees.

The Linnaeus Tercentenary will also be celebrated internationally, with activities that include scientific conferences and events at Swedish embassies. Priority will be given to targeting young people and tourists.

(E?)(L?) http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2007/06/linnaeus-name-giver/david-quammen-text
A Passion for Order
Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus was an early information architect. He believed that every kind of plant and animal on Earth should be named and classified.
By David Quammen
Photograph by Helene Schmitz
Springtime comes late in Sweden. So it was still springtime on May 23, 1707, when a son was born to the wife of the curate of a small Swedish village called Stenbrohult. The season was raw, the ground was wet, the trees were in leaf but not yet flowering as the baby arrived, raw and wet himself. The child's father, "Nils Linnaeus", was an amateur botanist and an avid gardener as well as a Lutheran minister, who had concocted his own surname (a bureaucratic necessity for university enrollment, replacing his traditional patronymic, son of Ingemar) from the Swedish word "lind", meaning "linden tree". Nils Linnaeus loved plants. The child's mother, a rector's daughter named Christina, was only 18. They christened the boy "Carl", and as the story comes down, filtered through mythic retrospection upon a man who became the world's preeminent botanist, they decorated his cradle with flowers.
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In 1761, the government ennobled him, whereupon he upgraded his linden-tree name to "von Linné". By then he was the most famous naturalist in Europe.

(E6)(L?) http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/
Es ist interessant, in welchen Werken man "Linné" findet:



(E6)(L?) http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/goethe/metamorp/metamorp.htm
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Der Versuch die Metamorphose der Pflanzen zu erklären
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XVII. Linnées Theorie von der Anticipation
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(E?)(L?) http://www.linnaeus.se/
Swedish Linnaeus Society

A nation-wide organisation whose purpose is to spread and increase our knowledge of Carl Linnaeus and his work. It is our aim to carry on the Linnaean tradition and thus care for and rouse an interest in Swedish nature and scientific culture.

(E?)(L?) http://www.linnean.org/
Linnean Society of London
(its spelling derived not from his original name but from the noble version, von Linné)

(E?)(L?) http://www.linnean.org/index.php?id=40
Linné-Links

(E?)(L?) http://www.rosenleben.de/


(E?)(L1) http://www.textlog.de/mauthner-logik-linne.html
Linné (E?)(L1) http://www.textlog.de/mauthner-logik-linnes-system.html
Linnés System

(E?)(L1) http://www.wasistwas.de/


(E6)(L1) http://www.weltchronik.de/ws/bio/l/linneC/lc01778a-LinneCarlVon-17070523b-17780110d.htm
(E?)(L?) http://www.whoswho.de/templ/te_bio.php?PID=699&RID=1
(E?)(L?) http://www.zierfischverzeichnis.de/glossar/
(E?)(L?) http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnean_Society_of_London
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Sciences
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_Linnaeus_Society


linnéen, linnéenne (W3)

(E?)(L?) http://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/linnéen
(E?)(L?) http://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/linnéenne
... qui est partisan des théories de Linné ...

linnéon (W3)

(E?)(L?) http://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/linnéon
(E?)(L?) http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/linnéon
... Le botaniste hollandais Lotsy a proposé les termes de "linnéon" et de "jordanon" pour désigner respectivement l'espèce collective et l'unité élémentaire définie par Jordan. ...

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nationalgeographic

sexual system
Latin binomial system for naming plants
Latin binomial system of naming species
Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus was an early information architect
He believed that every kind of plant and animal on Earth should be named and classified

(E?)(L?) http://www7.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0706/feature3/
Die Botanisten benutzen heute ein anderes System zur Benennung von Pflanzen, das sich auf genetische Ähnlichkeiten bezieht. Aber das große Verdienst von Carl Linnaeus, Carl Linné, war die Einteilung von Pflanzen (und Tieren und Mineralien) in Gruppen.

Einige Zitate aus dem Artikel, die sich auf die Benennung von Pflanzen beziehen.

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If you read a thumbnail biography, in an encyclopedia or on a website, you're liable to be told that Carl Linnaeus was "the father of taxonomy" — that is, of biological classification — or that he created the "Latin binomial system of naming species", still used today. Those statements are roughly accurate, but they don't convey what made the man so important to biology during his era and afterward.
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During the three years abroad he published eight books—an amazing spurt of productivity, partly explained by the fact that he had left Sweden carrying some manuscripts written earlier. One of those manuscripts became "Systema Naturae", now considered the founding text of modern taxonomy.
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Linnaeus wasn't the first naturalist to try to roster and systematize nature. His predecessors included "Aristotle" (who had classified animals as "bloodless" and "blooded"), "Leonhart Fuchs" in the 16th century (who described 500 genera of plants, listing them in alphabetical order), the Englishman "John Ray" (whose Historia Plantarum, published in 1686, helped define the species concept), and the French botanist "Joseph Pitton de Tournefort", contemporary with Ray, who sorted the plant world into roughly 700 genera, based on the appearance of their flowers, their fruit, and their other anatomical parts.
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Linnaeus emerged from this tradition and went beyond it. His Systema Naturae, as published in 1735, was a unique and peculiar thing: a folio volume of barely more than a dozen pages, in which he outlined a classification system for all members of what he considered the three kingdoms of nature — "plants", "animals", and "minerals". Notwithstanding the inclusion of minerals, what really mattered were his views on the kingdoms of life.
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His treatment of animals, presented on one double-page spread, was organized into six major columns, each topped with a name for one of his classes: "Quadrupedia", "Aves", "Amphibia", "Pisces", "Insecta", "Vermes".
"Quadrupedia" was divided into several four-limbed orders, including "Anthropomorpha" (mainly primates), "Ferae" (such as canids, felids, bears), and others.
His "Amphibia" encompassed reptiles as well as amphibians, and
his "Vermes" was a catchall group, containing not just worms and leeches and flukes but also slugs, sea cucumbers, starfish, barnacles, and other sea animals.
He divided each order further, into "genera" (some with recognizable names such as Leo, Ursus, Hippopotamus, and Homo), and each genus into "species".
Apart from the six classes, Linnaeus also gave half a column to what he called "Paradoxa", a wild-card group of chimerical or simply befuddling creatures such as the unicorn, the phoenix, the dragon, the satyr, and a certain giant tadpole (now known as Pseudis paradoxa) that, weirdly, shrinks during metamorphosis into a much smaller frog. Across the top of the chart ran large letters: "CAROLI LINNAEI REGNUM ANIMALE". It was a provisional effort, grand in scope, integrated, but not especially original, to make sense of faunal diversity based on what was known and believed at the time. Then again, animals weren't his specialty.
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His classification of the vegetable kingdom ... became known as the "sexual system" because he recognized that flowers are sexual structures, and he used their male and female organs—their stamens and pistils — to characterize his groups. He defined 23 classes, into which he placed all the flowering plants (with a 24th class for cryptogams, those that don't flower), based on the number, size, and arrangement of their stamens. Then he broke each class into orders, based on their pistils. To the classes, he gave names such as "Monandria", "Diandria", "Triandria" (meaning: "one husband", "two husbands", "three husbands") and, within each, ordinal names such as "Monogynia", "Digynia", "Trigynia", thereby evoking all sorts of scandalous ménages (a plant of the Monogynia order within the Tetrandria class: one wife with four husbands) that caused lewd smirks and disapproving scowls among some of his contemporaries. Linnaeus himself seems to have enjoyed the sexy subtext. And it didn't prevent his botanical schema from becoming the accepted system of plant classification throughout Europe.
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But his passion for order—for seeking a natural order — did move taxonomy toward the insights later delivered by Charles Darwin.
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In "Species Plantarum", he established the "Latin binomial system for naming plants", and then in the tenth edition of "Systema Naturae", published in 1758-59 as two fat volumes, he extended it to all species, both plant and animal. A pondweed clumsily known as Potamogeton caule compresso, folio Graminis canini, et cetera, became Potamogeton compressum. We became "Homo sapiens".
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But he was also quietly effective in mentoring the most talented and serious of his students, of whom more than a dozen went off on adventuresome natural history explorations around the world, faithfully sending data and specimens back to the old man. With his typically sublime absence of modesty, he called those travelers the "apostles."
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prélinnéen (W3)

Es gab auch botanische Bezeichnungen vor Linné.

(E?)(L?) http://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/prélinnéen
(E?)(L?) http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/prélinnéen
prélinnéen, -enne. Les principes d'une classification audacieuse (...) c'était le retour à la vieille dichotomie prélinnéenne (Hist. gén. sc., t.3, vol. 2, 1964, p.782).

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Symbol für männlich - ♀, Symbol für weiblich - ♂ (W3)

Die Symbole für "weiblich" (♀) und "männlich" (♂) gehen auf Carl von Linné zurück. Sie wurden von ihm in die Botanik eingeführt.

(E?)(L?) http://iq.lycos.de/qa/show/825402/Woher+stammen+die+Symbole+für+männlich+und+weiblich
Das weibliche Geschlecht kennzeichnet man oft mit dem Symbol ♀. Dieses Symbol stellt stilisiert den Handspiegel der römischen Göttin Venus dar und ist unter anderem auch ein alchemistisches Zeichen für Kupfer.

Das männliche Geschlecht kennzeichnet man oft mit dem Symbol ♂. Dieses Symbol soll den Oberkörper eines Kriegers nach dem Vorbild des Kriegsgottes Mars symbolisieren und ist unter anderem auch ein alchemistisches Zeichen für Eisen.

(E?)(L1) http://www.wasistwas.de/
(E?)(L?) http://www.whoswho.de/templ/te_bio.php?PID=699&RID=1


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Buecher zur Kategorie:

Etymologie, Étymologie, Etymology, Etymologi
SE Schweden, la Suède, Sweden, Sverige
Pflanzen, Plantes, Plants

amazon - Pflanzen, Plantes, Plants

       

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Jarvis, Charlie
Order Out of Chaos
Linnaean Plant Names and Their Types

(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/ASIN/0950620777/etymologety01-20
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/0950620777/etymologety0f-21
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/0950620777/etymologetymo-21
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0950620777/etymologety0d-21
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0950620777/etymologetymo-20
Gebundene Ausgabe: 1016 Seiten
Verlag: Linnean Society of London (23. Mai 2007)
Sprache: Englisch

(E?)(L?) http://linnean.org/index.php?id=243&tx_ttnews[tt_news]=184&tx_ttnews[backPid]=139&cHash=0f206bde37
10th June 2008
Created in 2000, the CBHL Annual Literature Award is given by the "Council on Botanical and Horticultural Libraries" ("CBHL") to both the author and publisher of a work that makes a significant contribution to the literature of botany or horticulture.

Order out of Chaos: Linnean Plant Names and Their Types by Charlie Jarvis (Linnean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum, London, 2007), and Encyclopedia of Garden Ferns by Sue Olson (Timber Press, 2007), have won the 2008 Annual Literature Awards from The Council on Botanical and Horticultural Libraries.

Charlie Jarvis's Order out of Chaos, a guide to plant names described by the Swedish naturalist "Carl Linnaeus" (1708-1778), was the winner in CBHL's technical category, chosen both for its unique and substantive content combining history, biography, and scientific research as well as for its attractive design. "Today our need for stable knowledge about plants, including precise nomenclature, is urgently driven by population growth, increased consumption, habitat degradation, and other threats to the natural world that are causing us to lose plant species faster than we can identify them. . . . This book brings together a critical mass of information on the more than 9,000 plant names authored by Linnaeus in this 300th anniversary year of his birth." (Charlotte Tancin, Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh).
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