Etymologie, Étymologie, Etymology
UK Vereinigtes Königreich (Großbritannien u. Nordirland), Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Schottland, l'Écosse, Scotland
Contrary to popular belief both in the general populace and the education establishment, Scotland has its own distinct language. And its not Gaelic either. The language I am talking about is "Scots", the language of the poet Robert Burns.
The reason for the lack of knowledge of this language is simple enough. It is very close to English. However it is not simply a dialect. "Scots" is to English what Dutch is to German or Portugese is to Spanish.
bogey (W3)
(E?)(L?) http://www.usga.org/history/faq/
The term "bogey" comes from a song that was popular in the British Isles in the early 1890s, called "The Bogey Man" (later known as "The Colonel Bogey March"). The character of the song was an elusive figure who hid in the shadows: "I'm the Bogey Man, catch me if you can." Golfers in Scotland and England equated the quest for the elusive Bogey Man with the quest for the elusive perfect score. By the mid to late 1890s, the term "bogey score" referred to the ideal score a good player could be expected to make on a hole under perfect conditions. It also came to be used to describe stroke play tournaments – hence, in early Rules books we find a section detailing the regulations for "Bogey Competitions". It was only in the late 1900s/early 1910s that the concept of "Par" started to emerge - this being the designated number of strokes a scratch player could be expected to take on a hole in ideal conditions. In this way "par" was distinguished from "bogey". The term "par" itself is a standard term in sports handicapping, where it simply means "level" or "even".
Braveheart (W3)
(E?)(L?) http://www.bravehearts.de/
(E?)(L?) http://www.kiltmen.com/
(E?)(L?) http://www.weltbilder.de/html/schottl.htm
"Braveheart" wurde 1995 durch den Film diesen Titels mit Mel Gibson in Deutschland bekannt. Den Film habe ich nicht gesehen und die geschichtlichen Hintergründe sind mir leider auch nicht bekannt.
Die Bezeichnung "braveheart" bedeutet jedenfalls "mutiges Herz", im übertragenen Sinn also "tapferer Mann".
Dass unser "brav" in früheren Zeiten gar nicht so brav war, findet man in dessen Wortgeschichte.
Ein Besucher ergänzt:
"Bravehearts" ist die landläufige Bezeichnung für alle Schotten.
(A: halo)
ceantar - Gaelic Dictionaries Online
Scots Gaelic Dictionaries
Scottish Gaelic / Gàidhlig
Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language
The School Gaelic Dictionary
Gaelic Resources
GaelDict 98 - Ciarán Ó Duibhín's searchable database of Gaelic works (runs under MS-DOS).
MacLeod's Gaelic Dictionary - For Windows 95 (version 1.0). I don't do Windows, so I haven't tried it (anyone out there have a review of it?). Nice knotwork on this site, btw.... &smiley;
MacBain's Etymological Dictionary - An HTML interface to this wonderful dictionary, of interest to learners of Irish as well as Scottish Gaelic, and anyone interested in the development of the Gaelic languages. Original text file is available from Sabhal Mór Ostaig (SMO).
MacFarlane's Gaelic-English Dictionary - A searchable copy of MacFarlane's school Gaelic dictionary. Original text file is available from SMO, and a sectioned copy at Faclair Gàidhlig - Beurla.
An Stòrdàta Briathrachais Gàidhlig - Search the dictionary compiled at SMO, which includes lots of modern terminology.
The "Dictionary of the Scots Language (DSL)" comprises electronic editions of the two major historical dictionaries of the Scots language:
the Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue (DOST) - contains information about Scots words in use from the twelfth to the end of the seventeenth centuries (Older Scots)
the Scottish National Dictionary (SND) - contains information about Scots words in use from the eighteenth century to the present day (modern Scots)
These are the most comprehensive dictionaries available for, respectively, Older Scots and modern Scots, and are therefore essential research tools for anyone interested in the history of either Scots or English language, and for historical or literary scholars whose sources are written in Scots or may contain Scots usages.
In the DSL, these two dictionaries are being published together in their full form for the first time. Thus, information on the earliest uses of Scots words can be presented alongside examples of the later development and, in some cases, current usage of the same words. In this way, we hope that the DSL will allow users to appreciate the continuity and historical development of the Scots language. By making the DSL freely available on the Internet, we also aim to widen access to the source dictionaries and to open up these rich lexicographic resources to anyone with an interest in Scots language and culture.
Scots is a living language and, although the examples of modern Scots included in SND only date as far as the publication of the last part of that dictionary, in 1976, work has continued since then on collecting information on Scots usage. Scottish Language Dictionaries Ltd. (formerly the Scottish National Dictionary Association) are currently compiling a new Supplement which incorporates recent research and there are plans to publish this on the DSL website in the near future, so as to bring the lexicographic record of Scots truly up to date.
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Together, these data files represent twenty-two volumes of printed text and contain more than eighty thousand full-word entries. Each entry traces the chronological and semantic development of a Scots word, and gives details of orthographic variants, grammatical inflections, derivative words and phrases, and etymological history. The words and terms defined in the DSL are illustrated by quotations drawn from over six thousand sources, covering a wide range of subject areas within Scottish culture and history. Many of the modern Scots words are also illustrated by evidence from oral sources, and include information on phonological and dialectal variation.
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Die Begriffe sind untereinander querverlinkt und können per Doppelklick aufgerufen werden.
Die Suche kann nach folgenden Kriterien vorgenommen werden:
Full Entry - Headword Form - Geographical Label - Full Citations - Work Titles - Authors - Quotation Text - Etymologies - Senses - Date
All DSL Texts - DOST and DOST Adds - DOST Only - DOST Adds - SND and SND Suppl - SND Only - SND Suppl
Die Logik ist mir nicht so ganz klar.
Dennoch ist es ein hervorragendes schottische Wörterbuch mit vielen etymologischen Anmerkungen.
dunce, John Duns Scotus, Scotists, Scotism and Scotists (W3)
The word "dunce" meaning a "stupid person" = "Dummkopf" refers to "John Duns Scotus" (c.1265-1308), a leading scholar of philosophy and theology. "Scotus" was born in "Duns", Scotland and his writings formed the philosophical core for a Scholastic sect named after him, the "Scotists".
In the 16th century, humanists and reformers began attacking the "Scotists" for engaging in useless philosophical discussions. In return, the "Scotists" attacked the new learning of the Renaissance. As a result, "Duns" became associated with those who refused to learn.
Die Links führen zu Wortgeschichten zu "dunce" und zu Informationen zu Leben und Werk des Philosophen "John Duns Scotus".
(E?)(L?) http://uk.epodunk.com/profiles/northern-ireland/3000004.html
Scotland is a country of the United Kingdom.
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The country encompasses the mainland regions of the Highlands, Lowlands and Southern Uplands, and the Hebrides, Orkney and Shetland islands.
Former and merged names include: "Caledonia".
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epodunk - County Profiles (UK, SC)
Meine Stichproben ergaben, dass es zur überwiegenden Anzahl der Informationen zu schottischen Verwaltungsbezirken auch Hinweise zur Namensgebung gibt, die meist mit der Formel "The county was named ..." eingeleitet werden.
Dies rechtfertigt die Aufnahme im Etymologie-Portal.
Meine Stichproben ergaben, dass es zur überwiegenden Anzahl der Informationen zu schottischen Städten auch Hinweise zur Namensgebung gibt, die meist mit der Formel "The county was named ..." eingeleitet werden.
Dies rechtfertigt die Aufnahme im Etymologie-Portal.
(E?)(L1) http://www.hp.europe.de/kd-europtravel/gaelic/gaelic0.htm
Gälisch ist eine keltische Sprache, verwandt mit dem Irischen, und wird von ca. 70.000 der 5 Millionen Einwohner Schottlands gesprochen, oder von etwas mehr als 1 % der Bevölkerung. Die meisten gälischsprechenden Menschen leben auf den Äußeren Hebriden, aber auch im Westen der Highlands und der Region Strathclyde sowie in den Städten Glasgow, Edinburgh und Inverness wird gälisch gesprochen.
Vom 9. bis 11. Jahrhundert wurde gälisch in den meisten Teilen Schottlands gesprochen. Sein Einfluß läßt sich heute noch überall in Schottland bei Ortsnamen und Personennamen nachweisen.
Im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert waren viele Schotten von ihren "Landlords" gezwungen, ihr Land in den Highlands und auf den Inseln aufzugeben und zu emigrieren, und so wurden gälische Gemeinschaften in Teilen von Nord Amerika gegründet (z.B. North Carolina und Nova Scotia).
Ein Gälisch-Kurs
Das gälische Alphabet, Schrift und Aussprache
Aussprache: Die Aspiration im Gälischen
Die alten Buchstaben
Schwierigkeiten beim Erlernen der gälischen Sprache
(E?)(L?) http://www.usga.org/history/faq/
(E?)(L?) http://www.americandialect.org/
Why do golfers shout "Fore!" when they hit an errant shot?
The word "fore" is Scottish in origin, and is a shortened version of the word "before" or "afore". The old Scottish warning, essentially meaning "look out ahead", most probably originated in military circles, where it was used by artillery men as a warning to troops in foreword positions. Golfers as early as the 18th century simply adopted this military warning cry for use on the links.
(E1)(L1) http://www.etymonline.com/g1etym.htm
Gaelic - 1774, earlier Gathelik (1596), from Gael (Scottish Gaidheal), from O.Ir. Goidhel, the original form of the word. The native name in both Ireland and Scotland, Gael was first used in Eng. exclusively of Scottish Highlanders (1596).
golf, birdie, eagle, dormie, skins, 18 holes on a golf course, mulligan (W3)
La majorité des livres de golf que j'ai consulté indique plus ou moins qu'ils ne savent pas d'où provient ni le jeu, ni le nom. Tous le revendique, tant les chinois, les hollandais, les français que les écossais. Toutefois, les écossais semblent s'être gagné la faveur populaire puisque selon le Petit Robert, "Golf" serait un mot d'Écosse. Néanmoins, selon plusieurs auteurs dont le Manuel du Golf, édition Solar, entre autre, le mot "Golf" serait dérivé d'un jeu hollandais nommé "Kolf" ou "Kolven".
Mais, de grâce, ne croyez pas les gens qui vous expliqueront que le mot provient de l'acronyme "Gentlemen Only Ladies Forbidden" puisqu'il s'agit d'un gag visant à éloigner la gent féminine des parcours. J'ai bien hâte de voir un tournoi professionnel mixte. Je crois que plusieurs machos seront surpris des résultats.
The linguistic connections between the Dutch and Scottish terms are but one reflection of what was a very active trade industry between the Dutch ports and the ports on the east coast of Scotland from the 14th through 17th centuries.
Some scholars suggest that the Dutch game of "kolf", played with a stick and ball on frozen canals in the wintertime, was brought by the Dutch sailors to the east coast of Scotland, where it was transferred on to the public linkslands and eventually became the game we know today.
Weiterhin findet man hier Antworten auf die Fragen:
How did the terms "birdie" and "eagle" come into golf?
What are the origins of the term "dormie"?
What is the origin of the popular golf game called "skins"?
Why are there "18 holes on a golf course"?
Where does the word "mulligan" come from?
"Golf" dient auch zur Widergabe des Buchstabens "G" im internationalen Buchstabieralphabet.
Great Scott! - Fuss and Feathers, Old (Great Scott!) (W3)
(E1)(L1) http://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-gre4.htm
Neben einigen anderen Vermutungen (z.B. der Bezug auf "grosser Gott") gibt es die Version, dass sich der Ausdruck auf "Winfield S. Scott" bezieht. Allerdings dürfte der anklingende Bezug auf "god" durchaus zur Etablierung dieses Ausrufs beigetragen haben.
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There’s nothing new in this attribution, however. "Winfield Scott" has previously been fingered as the origin by several writers, among them Eric Partridge. And we still can’t be absolutely sure that he was the Scott being alluded to. But the combination of dates and the references written so soon after the event point to him quite strongly.
Gretna Green (W3)
Zum Ortsnamen selbst konnte ich leider keine Hinweise finde (warum der Ort so heißt, bzw. was "Gretna Green" bedeutet). Aber der Ortsname "Gretna Green" wurde seinerseits zum Symbol für "wildromantische Eheschließungen".
Der kleine Ort "Gretna Green" liegt in Schottland nahe der Grenze zu England. Im 18.Jh. wurde er zum Wallfahrtsort junger Verliebter, die den Bund der Ehe eingehen wollten. Anlaß war, 1753, der "Marriage Act" in England, der Heiraten von und mit unter 21-jährigen verbot. In Schottland dagegen durfte man ab 16 Jahren heiraten. Und so schlug die Stunde des Schmiedes von "Gretna Green", der Trauungen vornehmen durfte. Einen kleinen Rückschlag gab es im Jahr 1856, nach einem Gesetz, das den Heiratswilligen vor der Trauung einen 21-tägigen Aufenthalt in Schottland auferlegte. In den Jahren 1940, 1969 und 1995 wurden die entsprechenden Gesetze in Schottland und England zunehmend vereinheitlicht.
"Gretna Green" ist Gegenstand einiger englischer/schottischer Balladen.
Auswanderer aus Schottland gründeten in den USA einige Orte denen sie den Namen "Gretna" verpassten.
(E2)(L1) http://www.bartleby.com/61/65/G0266500.html
(E?)(L?) http://www.gretnagreen.com/
(E?)(L?) http://www.rampantscotland.com/placenames/placenames2.htm
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A tradition of being married by the local blacksmith stemmed from a Joseph Paisley who carried out such ceremonies from 1791-1814.
There is a "Gretna" in Louisiana (so named because an early justice of the peace carried out marriages 24 hours a day without the need for a legal certificate) and Nebraska, USA (off Interstate 80, southwest of Omaha).
The "Gretna" in Manitoba, Canada was so named by the Canadian Pacific Railroad because it was just over the border from USA.
There is also a "Gretna" in Tasmania.
Auf der "www.harristweed.org"-Site kann man sich sogar "Harris Tweed Act 1993" als PDF-Dokument downloaden.
Darin ist festgelegt:
"the Outer Hebrides" means the Islands of Harris, Lewis, North Uist, Benbecula, South Uist and Barra and their several purtenances.
Und hier findet man auch die "Definition of Harris Tweed".
in this act "harris tweed" means a tweed which —
(a) has been handwoven by the islanders at their homes in the outer hebrides, finished in the outer hebrides, and made from pure virgin wool dyed and spun in the outer hebrides; and
(b) possesses such further characteristics as a material is required to possess under regulations from time to time in force under the provisions of schedule 1 to the act of 1938 (or under regulations from time to time in force under any enactment replacing those provisions) for it to qualify for the application to it, and use with respect to it, of a harris tweed trade mark.
(E1)(L1) http://www.heinrich-tischner.de/22-sp/1sprach/kelt/kelt-kal.htm
Ausserdem kann man eine kleine Tabelle der Namen der Wochentage in den keltischen Sprachen finden. Die Kelten orientieren sich im wesentlichen an den römischen Namen. Die Schotten und Iren haben für Mittwoch bis Freitag eine merkwürdige Zählung.
(lateinisch - gälisch - irisch - cymrisch - bretonisch)
(E1)(L1) http://www.etymonline.com/h5etym.htm
(E1)(L1) http://www.word-detective.com/032602.html#hopscotch
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The "scotch" in "hopscotch" comes from the Old French word "escocher," meaning "to cut." In the case of "hopscotch," it refers to the lines cut or scratched into the dirt (or, more likely these days, drawn on a sidewalk) where the game is played. The same "cut or scratch" sense of "scotch" is used in the idiom "to scotch a rumor," meaning to deny or refute it, as well as in "butterscotch" candy, which was originally made in large sheets and then "scotched," or cut, into small pieces.
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(E?)(L?) http://news.scotsman.com/opinion.cfm?id=379482004
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Etymology: Middle English, from Old French "lettre", from Latin "littera", "a letter", perhaps from Etruscan, from Greek diphther meaning "hide", "leather", "writing surface".)
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(E?)(L?) http://www.usga.org/history/faq/
"Links" is a term that refers to a very specific geographic land form found in Scotland. Such tracts of low-lying, seaside land are characteristically sandy, treeless, and undulating, often with lines of dunes or dune ridges, and covered by bent grass and gorse. To be a true "links", the tract of land must lie near the mouth of a river - that is, in an estuarine environment. From the Middle Ages onward, "linksland" (generally speaking, poor land for farming) were common grounds used for sports, including archery, bowls and golf.
Because many of the early courses of Scotland were built on these common "linksland", "golf courses" and "links" have forever been associated. The term "links" is commonly misapplied to refer to any golf course. But remember that a true "links" depends only on geography.
Bezeichnet ein "sich-verhören". Die Schriftstellerin Sylvia Wright verstand als Kind in einer schottischen Ballade statt "Oh, they have slain the Earl of Moray and laid him on the green". "Oh, they have slain the Earl of Moray and Lady Mondegreen".
(E?)(L1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pall_mall_%28game%29
Das schottische Ballspiel "Pall-Mall" erhielt seinen Namen über frz. "pallemaille", das auf ital. "pallamaglio" zurück geht und sich aus "palla" = "Ball" und "maglio" = "Hammer" zusammen setzt. Das ergibt also "Hammerball".
Da "Pall Mall" früher oft auf einer geeigneten Strasse gespielt wurde, übertrug sich der Hammeranteil "Mall" auf die entsprechende Strasse und wurde (vor allem in den USA) über die "Einkaufsstrasse" zur Bezeichnung für eine "Einkaufspassage", "Einkaufszentrum".
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pall_Mall_Gazette
The Pall Mall Gazette takes the name of an imaginary newspaper conceived by William Makepeace Thackeray. Pall Mall is a street in London home to many gentleman's clubs, hence Thackeray's description of his imaginary newspaper in his novel The History of Pendennis.
Und (vermutlich) als Kaufanreiz für die besser gestellten Klubmitglieder erhielt eine Zigarette den Brand-Name (richtig passend) "Pall Mall".
Ich denke "Mall" ist im wahrsten Sinne ein "Hammer" und verdient ein (W1). Während es das "Bollwerk" nur von einer städtischen Verteidigungsanlage zum breiten "Boulevard" geschafft hat, schaffte es "Mall" vom "Hammer" zum "Hammer-Spiel" zur "Hammer-Spiel-Strasse" und schließlich zum "Einkaufszentrum".
(E2)(L1) http://www.bartleby.com/61/76/P0027600.html
Pall Mall
A fashionable street in London, England, noted as the site of St. James's Palace and many private clubs. It derives its name from the game pall-mall, which was played on the grounds in front of the palace in the 17th century.
(E1)(L1) http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=mall
(E1)(L1) http://www.marthabarnette.com/learn_m.html#mall
(E1)(L1) http://www.takeourword.com/Issue088.html
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Some time ago we heard a stand-up comic quip that "malls" are so-called because we get "mauled" there. Believe it or not, there really is a connection between these two words. Any sculptors, miners or ship-builders among our readers will know that a "maul" is a kind of "hammer". It comes from the Latin "malleus" which also gave us "mallet". History buffs will remember that Edward I of England was known as "Malleus Scotorum", "the hammer of the Scots" and a famous book of the witch-hunters was "Malleus Maleficarum", "the hammer of the evil-doers".
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(E?)(L?) http://news.scotsman.com/opinion.cfm?id=352912004
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Etymology: Middle English, from Medieval Latin "passi", "passin-" = "sufferings of Jesus" or a martyr; from Late Latin, physical suffering, martyrdom, sinful desire, from Latin, an undergoing, from "passus", past participle of "pat" = "to suffer".
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Geirfa - Vocab Builder A Welsh flashcard trainer with some vocabulary files. Those included in the package and those contributed by Alan Greenow and Cathy White are available flashcard Decks from our database.
Celtic languages Unclassified
Welsh-German Instructions in German and Welsh
Welsh-English-Welsh
Gaelic Dictionaries Online A list of different Gaelic dictionaries, with a search facility for the local dictionaries.
An Tobar (broken) "A list of words and phrases that Bord na Gaeilge is often asked to translate." Lists terms in English and Irish, organized by category: each category is on a separate page.
Pictish, Piktisch (W3)
(E?)(L1) http://www.krysstal.com/borrow.html
"Pictish" oder dt. "Piktisch" war die (prä-keltische) Sprache der "Pikten", der "Bemalten", in Schottland. Sie wird zu den Indoeuropäischen Sprachen gezählt. Im heutigen Englisch sind einige Begriffe daraus zu finden, wie etwa "Caledonia", dem römischen Namen für Schottland, der auf den Namen eines Stammes zurück geht; und "fife" = "kleines flötenartiges Instrument ("(Quer)Pfeife").
(E?)(L?) http://mercury.ccil.org/~cowan/essential.html
English is essentially Pictish that was attacked out of nowhere by Angles cohabiting with Teutons who were done in by a drunk bunch of Vikings masquerading as Frenchmen who insisted they spoke Latin and Greek but lacked the Arabic in which to convey that.
Bill Hammel
Pikten (W3)
Die "Pikten" verdanken ihren Namen der Bemalung ("die Bemalten") und wurde von lat. "Picti" als Bezeichnung für die keltischen Stämme in Schottland abgeleitet.
Im engl. "Picture" = "Bild" und im "Piktogramm" = "Begriffssymbol" kann man ebenfalls noch Verwandte von lat. "pingere" = "malen" erkennen.
Q
R
rampantscotland - Popular Scottish Forenames
(E?)(L?) http://www.rampantscotland.com/
(E?)(L?) http://www.rampantscotland.com/forenames/blnames_index.htm
Introduction
Here are the origins of over a 100 forenames or first names which are found in Scotland today. Nearly all the names in the "Top 100" names registered for babies born and registered during 1999 are here - plus a lot more. They are often used in other parts of the world too, so you may find your own name here, whether or not you have Scottish roots. If you have a name which is not on this list but which has a Scottish connection, drop a note to Scottie and I'll try to find its origins.
A number of reference books have been used to compile this information including "Scottish Forenames" by Donald Whyte, "Traditional Scottish First Names" by Gail Dixon-Smith, "Celtic Names for Children" by Loretto Todd and "Scottish First Names" by George Mackay.
Aaron | Abigail | Adam | Agnes | Aidan | Aileen | Ailsa | Ainslie / Ainsley | Alan | Alana | Alistair / Alasdair / Alister | Alice / Alison | Amy | Andrew | Angus | Anna /Anne / Ann | Archibald | Arthur | Ben / Benjamin | Blair | Bonnie | Brenda | Brendan / Brandon | Bridget | Bruce | Callum / Calum | Cameron | Carol | Catherine / Katherine / Kathryn / Catriona | Charles / Charlie | Chloe | Christopher | Ciara | Colin | Connor / Conor | Courtney | Craig | Daniel | David | Declan | Derek | Douglas | Dugald / Dougal | Duncan | Dylan | Elizabeth / Lisa | Elspeth | Emma | Emily / Emilia | Erin | Euan | Euphemia | Farquhar | Fergus | Fiona / Ffiona/ Ffion | Flora | Fraser | Gail | Gary | Gavin | Geoffrey | George / Georgina | Gordon | Grace | Graham / Graeme | Grant | Gregor | Grizel / Grizelda / Griselda | Hamish | Hannah / Hanna | Heather | Helen | Holly / Hollie | Hugh | Ian / Iain | Iona | Isobel / Isabel | Isla | Lachlan | Jade | James | Jason | Jean | Jennifer / Jenna | Jessica | John | Jordan | Joyce | Kieran / Keiron | Keith | Kenneth | Kirsty / Kirsten | Kylie | Lachlan | Lauren | Leah | Leslie / Lesley | Lewis | Liam | Lisa / Elizabeth | Lorna | Louise / Louisa | Lucy | Lynette / Lynn | Magnus | Malcolm | Margaret | Mark | Mary / Mhàiri | Megan | Michael | Moira | Morag | Munro | Murine / Murron / Muirne / Myrna | Niamh | Nicola / Nicole | Owen | Patrick / Patricia | Peter | Rachel / Rachael | Raymond | Rebecca | Rhiannon / Rhian | Richard | Robert | Robyn | Ross | Rory | Rowena / Rowen / Rowan | Ryan | Samantha | Sarah | Sean / Shaun / Shane | Shannon | Sheila | Shona | Siobhán | Stacey / Stacie / Stacy | Stephen / Steven | Stuart / Stewart | Theresa | Thomas | Una | William
rampantscotland - Scottish Place Names Around the World
Names from Scotland
As Scots emigrated around the world they often reminded themselves of home by giving Scottish place names to the locations in which they settled. Most of these Scottish names are found in North America and Australia / New Zealand. 50% of the suburban names in Dunedin have a Scottish connection - and "Dunedin" itself is the old name for "Edinburgh", Scotland's capital city. But they also pop up with unfailing regularity in sub-Saharan Africa (there are at least 550 towns, suburbs, villages, mountains, rivers and other topographical features in South Africa alone) and Asia ("Aberdeen" in Hong Kong is perhaps the best known).
Toponymist researcher Ian Kendall has provided another perspective. He is taking cities and towns around the world and finding the origins of the names used in their districts and suburbs. He has supplied the Scottish-related names found in a number of locations around the world. The current cities/towns are:
rampantscotland - So That's How It's Pronounced? - A Guide to Scottish Placenames
(E?)(L?) http://www.rampantscotland.com/features/pronounce.htm
Introduction
Visitors to Scotland who have only seen Scottish place names in print sometimes mis-pronounce them. So here is a feature explaining how to pronounce many of the place names which can be found in Scotland. Along the way you will also learn some of the origins of these Scottish names.
But to start with, here is the advice given by Ronald MacDonald Douglas, a writer and nationalist, regarding the finer points of Scottish pronunciation... After reading it, however, do not despair!
"...do try to sound the "r", although not with the exaggerated trill usually given it by so-called 'Scotch' comedians. But, again this to my English readers, don't even attempt to get the guttural sounds of "ach" and "loch". You will only strangle yourselves. To say "ach!" correctly you need generations of Scots blood behind you, and you must have been born with the peat-reek in your nostrils, and the sight of the hills as the first thing you clapped your eyes on."
rampantscotland - Scottish Symbols - Symbols of Scotland
(E?)(L?) http://www.rampantscotland.com/symbols/blsymbols_index.htm
Here are illustrations of many of the symbols of Scotland from bagpipes, tartan and flags to William Wallace, Robert the Bruce, thistles and Scotland at war.
The thumbnail pictures below lead to the illustrations for that symbol.
Kilts | Tartan | Thistles | Flags | Honours of Scotland | Crests | Pipes and Pipers | Lochs | Maps of Scotland | Robert the Bruce | Mary Queen of Scots | William Wallace | Scotland at War
S
Schotten - die Schotten dichtmachen (W3)
(E5)(L1) http://www.redensarten-index.de/
(nach "die Schotten dichtmachen" suchen.)
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"Schotten" sind wasserdichte Quer- und Längswände in Schiffen, die beim Leckschlagen verschlossen werden können, um eine vollständige Überflutung des Schiffes zu verhindern.
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(E?)(L?) http://www.staff.uni-marburg.de/~naeser/ra-mat.htm
Der Ausdruck "jemandem die kalte Schulter zeigen geht vermutlich auf eine Übertragung von Walter Scotts "to show sb the cold shoulder" zurück.
Vermutlich die rechte, dem Herzen fernere und deshalb als kälter angesehene Schulter (lt. OED II (1933)), ab 1816 (Walter Scott, schottischer Schriftsteller); wurde im 19. Jhd. nach Küpper (1984) ins Deutsche. übernommen.
Scone, Stone of Scone (W3)
Woher die Ortsbezeichnung "Scone" kommt konnte ich leider nicht in Erfahrung bringen.
Der "Stone of Scone" spielte in der schottisch-englischen Geschichte eine große Rolle. Sein Name bezieht sich auf einen Ort mitten in Schottland (im NO von Perth). Dort wo sich heute der alte Ortsteil befindet war bis 1651 die Krönungsstätte der schottischen Könige. Der "Stone of Scone" war der Thron, auf dem die Krönungszeremonie statt fand.
Im Jahr 1296 brachte der englische König Edward I den Thron nach England, wo er in einen Platz in der Westminster Abbey fand. Damit sollte die schottische Eigenständigkeit dauerhaft verhindert werden. Erst im November 1996 kam der "Stone of Scone" wieder nach Schottland zurück.
Die Schotten nahmen den Ortsnamen mit nach Australien und gründeten ein "Scone" in New South Wales, Australia, etwa 12km nördlich von Aberdeen.
Auf die Klebemittel von "Scotch" bezieht sich auch der umgangssprachliche französische Anglizismus "rester scotché(e)" = "rester collé(e)" = "Sitzen bleiben".
(E1)(L1) http://www.etymonline.com/s3etym.htm
(E1)(L1) http://www.geocities.com/athens/delphi/1979/trivia/scotlandyard.html
Die Lage des Headquarters in der kleinen Strasse "Scotland Yard" gab der Institution den Namen.
Die Strasse wiederum hiess "Scotland Yard", also etwa "schottischer Hof", "schottischer Platz", weil zwischen 970 und 1170 dort die schottischen Könige weilten, wenn sie ihren jährlichen Pflichtbesuch beim englischen König absolvierten.
1890 zug das Headquarter der Polizei in diese Strasse und wurde "New Scotland Yard" genannt. Selbst als es 1967 nach Westminster umzog behielt es den Namen bei.
Words to the Wise: investment, consonant and vowel, -ber, get the hell out of Dodge
12/12/01
Curmudgeons' Corner flaunt vs. flount
Letters to the Editors corundum, Tagalog plurals; Scottish pronunciation; lost letters and Gaul; French/Welsh; more on Gaul; double laugh; Icelandic license plate; Websense makes sense; Russian in number
Laughing Stock Are they slow, or should we slow?
scottishcorpus - Scottish Corpus of Texts and Speech
(E?)(L?) http://www.scottishcorpus.ac.uk/
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The SCOTS project is the first large-scale project of its kind for Scotland. It aims to build a large electronic collection of both written and spoken texts for the languages of Scotland. This is a resource which is urgently needed if we are to address the gap which presently exists in our knowledge of Scotland's languages.
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Scottish Language Dictionaries (SLD) is a body established to develop dictionaries and to promote the languages of Scotland.
Scottish Language Dictionaries (SLD) aims in particular to develop Scottish lexicography, building on the achievements of the Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue (DOST) and the Scottish National Dictionary Association (SNDA).
SLD aims to advance the recognition of Scots in all its guises:
above all, as the living language spoken daily by millions of Scots. In this guise it is known diversely as 'the dialect', 'the Doric' (in the North-East), and (in the South) as often as not, just 'the wey oo speak'.
The Scots we speak today was, in times past:
the language of life and government, and survives in the usages of Scots Law;
a literary medium since the 14th century, especially in
the language of the makars and the ballads,
the poetry of the 18th century,
the Lallans of the 20th century literary revival,
the resurgence of Scottish literature in the 1990s.
st-andrews - Scottish Placename Society - Scotland County Map
The Society, launched in February 1996, exists for the support of all aspects of toponymic studies in Scotland, and in particular the work of the Scottish Place-Name Database at the University of St. Andrews and the University of Edinburgh.
SCOTLAND COUNTY-BY-COUNTY - Place-name notes and queries grouped by Counties.
WJ Watson 'Surveys' of Lothian,Dumfries and Galloway,Ayrshire and Strathclyde and Scotland North of Forth now on-line
(County Map) - ABD Aberdeen - ANG Angus - ARG Argyle - AYR Ayrshire - BNF Banffshire - BWK Berwickshire - BTE Bute - CAI Caithness - CLA Clackmannanshire - DMF Dumfriesshire - DNB Dunbartonshire - ELO East Lothian - FIF Fife (new!) - INV Inverness-shire - KCD Kincardineshire - KNR Kinross-shire - KCB Kirkcudbrightshire - LAN Lanarkshire - MLO Midlothian - MOR Moray - NAI Nairnshire - ORK Orkney - PEB Peeblesshire - PER Perthshire - RNF Renfrewshire - ROS Ross and Cromarty - ROX Roxburghshire - SLK Selkirkshire - SHE Shetland - STL Stirlingshire - SUT Sutherland - WLO West Lothian - WIG Wigtownshire
Antique Map (1287K) (courtesy the Trustees of the National Library of Scotland)
List of Parishes in Scotland
Stoved Chicken Howtowdie (W3)
(E?)(L?) http://news.scotsman.com/features.cfm?id=320612004
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This delicious recipe is based on one from Meg Dods Manual, 1829 and is in the French style - the word "stoved" from the French "étuver" = "to stew" or "heat in a stove". The word "howtowdie" is interesting. Although some references explain its etymology as being from old French "hutaudeau", meaning a "pullet" ("a young hen"), the derivation was in fact "hétoudeau" or "hétourdeau" which was "a capon" ("a fattened cock fowl").
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Tell it to the Marines (W3)
(E?)(L?) http://www.news.scotsman.com/opinion.cfm?id=1314472003
Repartee to an improbable story or tale.
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Etymology: From a conversation between Charles II and Samuel Pepys when stories were told of strange things seen abroad which the Court could not credit. The truth of one was vouched for by an officer of the Maritime Regiment. Charles said that in future before casting doubt on a story he would first tell it to the Marines.
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uhi - Gaelic Online Dictionaries and Glossaries Index - Faclairean Gàidhlig Gaelic-English Dictionary (Word document) Dearbhadh litreachaidh sa Ghàidhlig (Gaelic spell-check) A Dictionary of Gaelic Words and Phrases from Wester Ross (670 pp. Word document)
Der schottische Branntwein hat seinen Namen von engl. "whiskey", "whisky", Kurzform von "whiskybae", Nebenform von "usquebaugh" aus gäl. "uisge beatha" bzw. irisch. "uaque baugh" = "Wasser des Lebens", "Lebenswasser" (altir. "uisce" = "water" und "bethad" = "of life").
Der heutige Name entstammt einer Abwandlung des "uisge" über "fuisge" und "uiske" zu "Whisky".
In den USA und in Irland heißt er "Whiskey", "Whisky" heißt er in Schottland.
Das "Lebenswasser" wurde übrigens 1494 in der "Exchequer Roll", der "Steuertabelle", zum ersten Mal erwähnt. Darin wurde dem Mönchsbruder John Cor erlaubt, 8 bushel Gerste zur Herstellung von "aqua vitae" für den König herzustellen.
Ab 1644 wurden dann Steuern auf "uisge beatha" erhoben.
Eine wissenschaftliche Definition gibt einen Hinweis, um was es sich dabei handelt:
Whisk(e)y ist ein, aus vergorener Getreidemaische hergestelltes, Destillat, welches ca. 40-50Vol% Ethylalkohol enthält.
Im "Whisky-Buch" auf "www.whisky.de" fand ich auch den Hinweis, dass das englische Wort "wort" = "Würze" bedeutet (was man leicht im Wörterbuch überprüfen kann.
"Whiskey" wird übrigens auch im internationalen Buchstabieralphabet benutzt.
Das idg. "*wed" = "Wasser", "nass" (germ. "*watar") steckt übrigens noch in vielen anderen "(Lebens-)Wässerchen". So etwa im "aquavit" (lat. "aqua vitae" = "Wasser des Lebens") und im russ. "Wodka", engl. "vodka" = "kleines Voda" = "kleines Wasser".
Unter dem Stichwort "USQUEBAE" kann man dann nachlesen:
"USQUEBAE", n. Also "usquabae", "usquebea", "usquebey", "usquibae"; "usqueba, "usquba" (Sc. 1732 Chrons. Atholl and Tullibardine Families II. 385), "usk(e)yba" (Per. 1746 T. L. K. Oliphant Lairds of Gask (1870) 140, 157), "usqueba(g)h", "usquebaugh", and, after the modern spelling, "whiskybae" (Abd. 1824 G. Smith Douglas 98), "whisquybeath" (Sth. 1795 Stat. Acc.1 III. 525), and reduced forms "usqu(a)e", "usky", "¶husque" (Sc. 1737 R. Chambers Dom. Annals (1861) III. 528). Earlier forms of "Whisky", q.v., now only arch. or liter. ['usk?be] Hebr. 1703 M. Martin Descr. W. Islands 3: Their plenty of corn was such, as disposed the natives to brew several sorts of liquor, as common "Usquebaugh".
*Sc. 1706 Te Address fer te Fishers on te Highland Coasts 7: It will mak Usquebae dear.
*Edb. 1727 Caled. Mercury (27 July): Highland Usquebaugh or Aquavitae at 16 Pence a Pint.
*Sc. 1728 Ramsay Poems (S.T.S.) II. 203: Drinking roundly Rum and Claret, Ale and Usquae.
*n.Sc. c.1730 E. Burt Letters (1815) II. 74: My merchants moved the usky vessels before them.
*Ayr. 1790 Burns Tam o’ Shanter 108: Wi’ usquabae, we’ll face the Devil!
*Sc. 1824 Scott Redgauntlet xx.: I think ye might as weel have offered me a glass of brandy or usquabae.
*Lnk. 1867 J. M. Peacock Reverie 60: ’Tis usquebaugh, from our own old Highland still.
*Sc. 1893 Stevenson Catriona xvi.: A flask of usquebaugh.
*Per. 1895 R. Ford Tayside Songs 57: There’s usquebae, an’ kebbucks rife.
*Sc. 1920 D. Rorie Auld Doctor 6: He dined each day on the usquebae An’ he washed it doon wi’ haggis. Hence ¶semi-usquebaeism, semi-intoxication, inebriation.
*Edb. 1894 J. W. M’Laren Tibbie and Tam 112: The sicht o’ the company in a state o’ semi-usquebaeism was sad to see. [O.Sc. iskie bae, id., 1583, Gael., Ir. uisge beatha, water of life, aquavitae, "whisky". The forms in -baugh, also found in E.M.E., represent the Ir. pronunciation.]
Ein Doppelklick auf ein markiertes "whisky" in einem der Texte ergab dann seltsamerweise viele weitere Fundstellen:
Found 355 DSL Entries containing "whisky" in the Full Entry Field
SND1 1. (100) WHISKY, n
DOST 2. (82)_ Aquavite, n.
DOST 3. (82)_ Play, v.
DOST 4. (82)_ Malasche, n
DOST 5. (82)_ Trestarig, adj
DOST 6. (82)_ Iskie-bae, n
DOST 7. (41)_ Usquebay, n
DOST 8. (41)_ Sure, adj
DOST 9. (41)_ Stand, n
DOST 10. (41)_ Rek, v.
SND1 11. (31)_ STELL, n
SND1 12. (31)_ FERINTOSH, n
SNDS 13. (29)_ BRIDE, n
SNDS 14. (29)_ BACKS, n
SNDS 15. (29)_ BARRY, n
SNDS 16. (29)_ NICK, n
SNDS 17. (29)_ HIELAND, n
SNDS 18. (29)_ GANG, v
SNDS 19. (29)_ DRIB, n
SNDS 20. (29)_ CREEL, n
Displaying 1 - 20 of 355 entries [ Next >> ]
Whistle-blower (W3)
(E?)(L?) http://news.scotsman.com/opinion.cfm?id=232852004
The etymological origins of "whistle-blowing" are gloriously obscure. Some references suggest it is of very recent coinage, circa the 1970s. However, in Raymond Chandler’s 1953 noir detective story, The Long Goodbye, a character says: "Come on, Marlowe, I’m blowing the whistle on you." The allusion might be to the police use of "whistles" as warning signals. Others have suggested the term comes from locomotive trains sounding a warning of their impending arrival. Whatever the source, there’s suddenly a lot of it about. I blame democracy, the media and political and corporate excess.
wikipedia - List of English words of Scots origin
(E?)(L?) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Scots_origin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This is a list of English language words of Scots language origin.
blackmail | caddie | collie | cosy | croon | eerie | forebear | glamour | golf | gumption | lilt | links (golf) | pony | raid | rampage | uncanny | weird | wizened | wraith
wikipedia - List of English words of Scots Gaelic origin
All of the original Gaelic forms of these words are also found in Irish and likely have been simultaneously borrowed from both languages.
wiktionary - Scottish Gaelic index
(E?)(L1) http://wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Scottish_Gaelic_index
is a collaborative project to produce a free multilingual dictionary and thesaurus in every language, complete with meanings, etymologies and pronunciations. Wiktionary is the lexical companion to the open content encyclopaedia Wikipedia.
worldlanguage - Gaelic Language Books and Other Resources
(E?)(L?) http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Gaelic.htm?CalledFrom=210325
Gaelic is spoken both in Ireland and in Scotland, in two distinct varieties that are generally referred to as Irish Gaelic and Scottish Gaelic. Like Welsh, it is one of the Celtic languages and thus part of the Indo-European family. Gaelic is also sometimes referred to as Erse.
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wwu - Scots English
(E?)(L?) http://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ling201/test3materials/AmericanDialects.htm
The Dialects of American English
The various Germanic tribes (Angles, Saxons, and Jutes) who invaded Britain after 437 AD brought with them their own dialects of West Germanic. These formed the basis for the emergence of later dialect areas. The submergence of the various British Celtic languages (of which Welsh is the only modern survivor) also lead to innovations in British English. The Viking invasions resulted in more Norse influence in the north than in the south, thereby contributing another layer to the existing dialects. Likewise, the Norman French invaders influenced the south more than the north, which came to be more conservative linguistically.
The Great Vowel Shift of the 1500's didn't affect northern English dialects, which came to be called "Scots English". Because of the long history of dialect creation in the English speaking areas of Great Britain, there are more dialects of English in Britain than in America, Canada, and Australia combined. (Unfortunately, we don't have time to cover modern British English dialects in any detail.)
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yourdictionary - Gaelic - Gaelic language resources - Gaelic grammars, news, and fonts
Dearbhadh litreachaidh sa Ghàidhlig (Gaelic spell-check)
A Dictionary of Gaelic Words and Phrases from Wester Ross (670 pp. Word document)
Gaelic Language Books and Other Resources
For related Gaelic language resources see: Gaelic grammars, news, and fonts
Gaelic Grammars
Elementary Course of Gaelic by Duncan Reid
(Scottish) Gaelic Learning Materials On-line
Geuma "Fireann no Boireann"
(See also Irish and Manx)
Irish Vocabulary and Grammar Tables (Anonymous)
Gaelic Language Books and Other Resources
Gaelic On-line Newspapers
Gaelic On-line Radio Stations
Gaelic Dictionaries
Gaelic Fonts
Z
Bücher zur Kategorie:
Etymologie, Étymologie, Etymology
UK Vereinigtes Königreich (Großbritannien u. Nordirland), Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Schottland, l'Écosse, Scotland
amazon - Schottland, l'Écosse, Scotland
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Blacks, George F. - The Surnames of Scotland - Their Origins, Meaning and History
Synopsis
A book on the origin, meaning and history of Scottish surnames. The core of this work is a listing of over 8000 names, each with a concise history and cross-references. It should serve as a tool for genealogists, historians, or anyone with a general interest in Scotland.
Gebundene Ausgabe: 219 Seiten
Verlag: John Benjamins Publishing Company (Januar 2002)
Sprache: Englisch
Synopsis
The dialect of North-East Scotland, one of the most distinctive and best preserved in the country, survives as both a proudly maintained mark of local identity and the vehicle for a remarkable regional literature. The present study, after placing the dialect in its historical, geographical and social context, discusses in some detail a selection of previous accounts of its distinctive characteristics of phonology and grammar, showing that its shibboleths have been well recognised, and have remained consistent, over a long period. Passages of recorded speech are then examined, with extensive use of phonetic transcription. Finally, a representative selection of written texts, dating from the 18th century to the present and illustrating a wide variety of styles and genres, are presented with detailed annotations. A full glossary is also included. This study clearly demonstrates both the individuality of the dialect and the richness of the local culture of which it is an integral part.
