• A Motion Chart for Robert’s Rules
• When you’re using Robert’s Rules to help your meeting run well, the following chart can come in very handy when you’re in the thick of debate on a main motion. It’s designed to help you choose the right [more…]



• Absolute Value Formulas for Pre-Calculus
• Even though you’re involved with pre-calculus, you remember your old love, algebra, and that fact that absolute values then usually had two possible solutions. Now that you’re with pre-calculus, you realize [more…]



• Acing the Math Subtests of the ASVAB AFQT
• Two of the four subtests that make up your AFQT score are math tests. The first, Arithmetic Reasoning, tests your ability to use mathematics to solve various problems that you may encounter in real life [more…]



• The ACT English Test Do’s and Don’ts
• You don’t need to worry about writing an essay for the ACT English test. A good score on this college entrance exam depends on your ability to answer a lot of questions — 75 to be exact. So, if you’re [more…]



• The ACT For Dummies Cheat Sheet
• Ah, college entrance exams — the pain, the misery, the relief when they’re over. Ace every section of the ACT — and figure out best approaches to the overall test — with the information and insight in [more…]



• The ACT Mathematics Test Do’s and Don’ts
• You can use a calculator during the ACT math test, and you should if you want a good result from this section of the ACT college entrance exam. Math in general is all about precision, so use the following [more…]



• Acting in the Now with the Present Progressive in Spanish
• What are you doing right now? You are reading about Spanish verbs. The verb phrase “are reading” uses the present progressive tense. The present progressive tense expresses an action that’s taking place [more…]



• Adding Firepower with the Invention of Gunpowder
• Between the twelfth and the eighteenth centuries, guns spread from China to western Asia, to Europe, and then around the world. They advanced from primitive experiments to precision technology. Warriors [more…]



• Ad-dress-ing by the Jewish Calendar
• Of course, when you buy clothes, you want to dress for the season. Whether you are wearing Begadim Yomiyim(beh-gah-deem yoh-mee-eem; casual clothes), Levush Chagigi [more…]



• Addressing Homeschool Socialization
• It's the first question you get from strangers who learn that you homeschool. Among veteran homeschoolers the topic is simply referred to as The Question. [more…]



• Age Levels for Children’s Books
• If you’re writing a children’s book, it pays to be familiar with how publishers classify them. Publishers generally assign age groups for readers of various formats, as set out in the following list: [more…]



• Algebra Equations for Multiplying Binomials
• In algebra, multiplying binomials is easier if you recognize their patterns. You multiply the sum and difference of binomials and multiply by squaring and cubing to find some of the special products in [more…]



• Algebra Formulas Worth Memorizing
• Some formulas occur frequently when you're doing algebraic manipulations and working through mathematical applications. You'll find ways to use these algebra formulas even when you're doing something other [more…]



• Algebra I For Dummies Cheat Sheet
• Algebra problems are easier to solve when you know the rules and formulas. Memorizing key algebra formulas will speed up your work, too. And if you know the rules of divisibility and the order of operations [more…]



• Algebra II For Dummies Cheat Sheet
• Algebra is all about formulas, equations, and graphs. You need algebraic equations for multiplying binomials, dealing with radicals, finding the sum of sequences, and graphing the intersections of cones [more…]



• Algebra’s Laws of Logarithms
• Logarithms help you add instead of multiply. The algebra formulas here make it easy to find equivalence, the logarithm of a product, quotient, power, reciprocal, base, and the log of 1. [more…]



• Algebra’s Quadratic Formula
• You can find solutions for quadratic equations by factoring, completing the square, guessing, or everyone's favorite — using the quadratic formula. The best thing about the quadratic formula [more…]



• Algebra's Rules of Divisibility
• In algebra, knowing the rules of divisibility can help you solve faster. When factoring algebraic expressions to solve equations, you need to be able to pull out the greatest factor. You also need common [more…]



• Algebraic Permutations and Combinations
• In algebra, you use permutations to count the number of subsets of a larger set. Use permutations when order is necessary. With combinations, you can count the number of subsets when order doesn't matter [more…]



• Alien Secrets: The Vril Society
• The Vril Society is a troublesome topic because there's no authentic proof that this secret society really existed, even though there's no shortage of people who claim that it did. What makes the Vril [more…]



• Americanizing the War in Vietnam
• Because U.S. President Lyndon Johnson continued to expand U.S. support to South Vietnam, the U.S. military presence continued and took a more aggressive posture in 1964. The American advisory effort remained [more…]



• Analyzing the Causes of the Great Depression
• America had gone through hard times before: a bank panic and depression in the early 1820s, other economic hard times in the late 1830s, the mid-1870s, and the early and mid-1890s. But never did it suffer [more…]



• Analyzing the Consequences of the Great Depression
• America had gone through hard times before: a bank panic and depression in the early 1820s, other economic hard times in the late 1830s, the mid-1870s, and the early and mid-1890s. But never did it suffer [more…]



• Analyzing Theories of Psychology
• Psychology — the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes — attempts to uncover why and how we do what we do. Different theories of psychology govern how different psychologists approach [more…]



• Anatomic Cavities
• Your body’s cavities are basically the “holes” that would be left (besides bones and tissues forming the space) if you removed your internal organs. Your body has two main cavities; the dorsal and ventral [more…]



• Anatomic Organ Systems
• If you’re talking anatomy and physiology, you’re talking about the human body and its organs. The 11 systems in the following list provide the means for every human activity from breathing to eating to [more…]



• Anatomic Planes
• When you’re talking anatomy and physiology, the body is divided into sections, usually three planes. Separating the body into sections, or cuts, let’s you know which body half is being explained. The anatomic [more…]



• Anatomic Positions
• Whenever you see an anatomical drawing, like the one below, you’re looking at the anatomic position. This standard position (standing straight, looking forward, arms at your side, and facing forward) keeps [more…]



• Anatomic Terms
• When you’re talking anatomy in a scientific way, everyday words such as front, back, side, above, and below just aren’t precise enough. Instead you use the anatomic terms in the following list: [more…]



• Anatomical Body Cavities
• Medical shows and crime shows have made body cavities all too familiar, and anatomically speaking, these spaces are very important, providing housing and protection for vital organs. The following list [more…]



• Anatomical Planes of the Body
• You may not think about the planes of your body much, but you have them nonetheless, and if you’re talking anatomy, knowing the names of the planes comes in handy. [more…]



• Anatomy & Physiology For Dummies Cheat Sheet
• The human body is a beautiful and efficient system well worth study. In order to study and talk about anatomy and physiology, you need to be familiar with standard anatomic positions and anatomic terms [more…]



• Anatomy & Physiology Workbook For Dummies Cheat Sheet
• To successfully studying anatomy and physiology, you'll want to understand all the Latin and Greek roots, prefixes and suffixes. Also study anatomic cavities, anatomic positions [more…]



• Anatomy -- Flex Your Muscles
• Muscle enables complex movements that are either under conscious control, such as clicking a computer mouse, or involuntary, such as the contraction of the heart or the peristalsis in the gut. To understand [more…]



• Ancient Greece Timeline
• Keep this helpful timeline in hand to remind yourself of the significant periods of time and essential events that took place throughout this important part of world history. [more…]



• Ancient Greeks For Dummies Cheat Sheet
• Ancient Greece is famous for its history, literature, architecture, philosophy… the list goes on! Here you will find a basic introduction to this fascinating civilization, including a map of the empire [more…]



• The Angular Part of the Wave Function: Listing Spherical Harmonics
• Many quantum physics problems, such as the hydrogen atom, involve solving problems in spherical coordinates. And when you use spherical coordinates, that almost always means using spherical harmonics. [more…]



• Answering “Yes” and “No” in Spanish
• Although answering “yes” in Spanish is pretty straightforward, answering “no” can be another story, complete with double negatives and a host of new negative words. The following sections break down the [more…]



• Answering Spanish Questions in the Negative
• Nunca, nadie, ninguno — the Spanish language contains lots of words to answer questions in the negative. These words (and some of their Spanish friends) can help you become a no-man [more…]



• Applying the FOIL Method to Binomials
• When you multiply two binomials, you can use the FOIL method. The letters in FOIL refer to two terms — one from each of two binomials — multiplied together in a certain order: [more…]



• Arabic For Dummies Cheat Sheet
• If you’re travelling to an Arabic speaking country, you'll feel more confident and relaxed if you can speak a bit of Arabic. You'll want to be able to ask basic questions. When greeting someone in Arabic [more…]



• Arabic Greetings and Good-Byes
• When traveling in Arabic-speaking countries, you'll find that the words and phrases you use most frequently will be the common Arabic greetings. These words and phrases will quickly become second nature [more…]



• Arabic Greetings, Goodbyes, and Polite Expressions
• In the Middle East, first impressions are very important, so don’t underestimate the importance of greetings. Remember to be courteous and use the informal ways of greeting people for old friends and relatives [more…]



• Arabic Travel-Related Words and Phrases
• Traveling in Arabic-speaking countries can be confusing especially if you can't read the signs or understand the instructions you're given. Learning a few useful Arabic travel-related words and phrases [more…]



• Arabic Vocabulary for Shopping
• One of the best ways to explore another country is to go shopping. Whether you're shopping for clothes, food, or souvenirs, you can use the following phrases in any Arabic-speaking country to help you [more…]



• Armageddon and the Book of Revelation
• The events written in the biblical Book of Revelation go by a number of names — Armaggedon, Apocalypse, The End Times — and for thousands of years, people have been seeing the signs of Armaggedon in the [more…]



• Articulating the Importance of Joints in Anatomy
• Another word for anatomical joints is articulations from the Latin word articularis, meaning "jointed." There are many types of joints, and they tend to be classified by the amount of movement they permit [more…]



• Asking about Hotel Parking in Spanish
• If you plan to stay in a Spanish hotel, finding a place to park your car, if you have one, is important, especially where parking spaces are limited, as they tend to be in the beautiful colonial downtown [more…]



• Asking for Directions to the Train Station in Spanish
• Want to take a train in a Spanish-speaking country but are unsure of how to ask, in Spanish, for directions to the train station? The following steps can help you find a station with ease: [more…]



• Asking How, When, Where, and Why Questions in Spanish
• When you need to know how, when, where, or why, you turn to a special set of question words called interrogative adverbs. This is true both in Spanish and in English. Your interrogative adverb choices [more…]



• Asking Politely with the Spanish Imperfect Subjunctive
• Proper manners are important wherever you go, whether the people there speak Spanish, English, or Swahili. In polite society, when you ask for something instead of giving a direct order. You don’t say, [more…]



• Asking Simple Questions in Italian
• You usually ask a question to start a conversation. Of course, you don't necessarily have to ask the well-known: "Nice weather today, isn't it?" You have lots of other possibilities for framing a question [more…]



• Assembling the Double Helix: The Structure of DNA
• Nucleotides are the true building blocks of DNA. There are three components of a single nucleotide: one deoxyribose sugar, one phosphate, and one of the four bases. To make a complete DNA molecule, single [more…]



• Asserting Jane Austen's Georgian-ness
• Because of the charm of her plots, their setting in merry old England, and the Victorian-styled costumes and 1850 setting used in the first film adaptation of [more…]



• Astronomy -- The Celestial Pole
• Over the course of the night, stars move across the sky from east to west as a consequence of Earth's rotation on its axis. The stars appear to move in circular paths around a [more…]



• Astronomy -- Time to Practice Saving the World
• Ever wonder what would happen if the Earth were ever really threatened by an incoming asteroid just like in the movies? Well, some in the European Space Agency have been thinking about it, too. [more…]



• ASVAB AFQT For Dummies Cheat Sheet
• If you’re thinking about joining the U.S. military, your AFQT score may well be the most important score you achieve on any military test. You need a qualifying score on the AFQT, or your plans for enlistment [more…]



• ASVAB AFQT Qualifying Scores
• In order to enlist in the U.S. military, you have to take the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Test (ASVAB). The ASVAB consists of nine separately timed subtests, which are primarily used by the military [more…]



• ASVAB For Dummies Cheat Sheet
• The ASVAB (Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery) tests your abilities as they apply to military needs. To succeed on the ASVAB, you need a basic, high-school level knowledge of English, math, and [more…]



• ASVAB Subtests
• The Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) consists of subtests designed to determine your skill level or potential in English, math, and science — as well as more specialized fields such as [more…]



• Atomic Structure: The Bohr Model
• There are two models of atomic structure in use today: the Bohr model and the quantum mechanical model. Of these two models, the Bohr model is simpler and relatively easy to understand. [more…]



• Atomic Structure: The Quantum Mechanical Model
• Two models of atomic structure are in use today: the Bohr model and the quantum mechanical model. The quantum mechanical model is based on mathematics. Although it is more difficult to understand than [more…]



• Avoiding Common Mistakes with Adjectives and Adverbs
• A few words — even, almost, only, and others — often end up in the wrong spots. If these words aren't placed correctly, your sentence may say something that you didn't intend. [more…]



• Avoiding Issues When Solving Physics Problems
• If you get stumped working on physics formulas, take a deep breath, and recheck your work. Go through these common physics problem issues to make sure you have avoided them: [more…]



• Ballads — a Traditional Form of Poetry
• Ballads are a traditional form of poetry that conveys romantic or even lurid stories. Ballads are narrative poems with roots in the thirteenth century. They are still are being written today, especially [more…]



• Barbarian Invasions: Lightening Up the Dark Ages
• Everyone talks about the barbarian invasions during the Dark Ages, but barbarian is rather unfair. These "barbarians" had a well-developed culture, with their own laws and forms of art and codes of ethics [more…]



• Bartering at a Traditional Spanish Market
• Knowing how to barter for goods when you’re shopping at a traditional Spanish market can help you get the best merchandise at the best price. Bartering [more…]



• Basic Algebra Conventions
• In algebra, a letter such as x that takes the place of a number in one or more equations is called a variable. Practices you need to know about how algebra problems are written: [more…]



• Basic Approaches for Solving LSAT Logic Games
• It's hard to know where to start when trying to answer the questions in a logic game in the Analytical Reasoning section of the LSAT. A systematic approach can certainly help you get your bearings. When [more…]



• The Basic Differentiation Rules
• Calculus can be difficult, but you can figure out these differentiation rules in a snap. If you can memorize these differentiation rules, you’ll make your calculus life a much easier one: [more…]



• Basic Equipment Used in Biology Experiments
• The daily routine of a biologist involves the use of basic equipment in their biology experiments — such as microscopes, test tubes, beakers, and Bunsen burners — as well as high-tech scientific equipment [more…]



• Basic Information about the ACT Test
• The ACT, like other college entrance exams, consists of several different tests that aim to pick your brain on a variety of subjects from math to English to science. The following table tells you about [more…]



• Basic Math & Pre-Algebra Workbook For Dummies Cheat Sheet
• To successfully study pre-algebra, understand that a specific order of operations needs to be applied. Also recognize some basic math principles, such as the ability to recognize and understand mathematical [more…]



• Basic Math Formulas
• If you’re looking to find the area or volumes of basic shapes like rectangles, triangles, or circles, keep this diagram handy for the simple math formulas: [more…]



• The Basic Principles of Freemasons
• Freemasons have a set of basic principles that they all live by. Masonic lodge members promise never to bring anything offensive or defensive into the lodge with them — both weapons and words. The object [more…]



• Basic Question Words in Italian
• To communicate in Italian and to travel with ease, there are practical questions in Italian (or any language for that matter) that you'll use daily and have to know: [more…]



• Basic Questions in Arabic
• Knowing how to ask a few useful questions in Arabic will help you with the basics of communicating. These Arabic questions will help with greetings, directions, and getting information you need. [more…]



• The Basic Structure of Proteins
• Without proteins, living things would not exist. Proteins are involved in every aspect of every living thing. Many proteins provide structure to cells; others bind to and carry important molecules throughout [more…]



• The Basic Structures of a Living Plant
• Plants have a root system, a stem or trunk, branches, leaves, and reproductive structures (sometimes flowers, sometimes cones or spores, and so on). Most plants are [more…]



• The Basics of Copyrights
• A copyright protects an Original Work of Authorship (OWA) — think short story, computer program, or song lyrics, for example — which must have tangible form, be a result of significant mental activity, [more…]



• The Basics of Nuclear Fission
• Nuclear fission occurs when a larger isotope breaks apart into two or more elements. Scientists usually accomplish this task (for some controlled nuclear reactions) by bombarding a large isotope with a [more…]



• The Basics of Organic Chemistry
• When you explore biology, you’ll find that many processes are constantly occurring in living organisms. The study of organic chemistry — which focuses on carbon molecules — is central to all living organisms [more…]



• Basics of Positive and Negative Numbers
• Positive and negative numbers are all integers. Integers are whole numbers that are either greater than zero (positive) or less than zero (negative). For every positive integer, there's a negative integer [more…]



• Battles in the Sky: Nostradamus Predicts World War I
• Oh, the irony of naming things. World War I was originally called The Great War because no one imagined that all the nations would fight at once — never mind the idea they'd do it again later. No one imagined [more…]



• Before You Begin Your Creative Writing
• Always be prepared! Here’s a checklist of useful writing aids to have with you as you begin to write – just don’t forget the chocolate biscuits. [more…]



• The Big Deal Behind the NCLEX-RN Exam
• The NCLEX-RN has only one objective: to determine if you can safely operate as an entry-level nurse in the state in which you've chosen to practice. This isn't a test of your IQ or how fast you can start [more…]



• The Big If: Spanish Conditional Tense
• Maybe you would better understand Spanish verb tenses today if you had paid more attention in your high school Spanish classes. Would . . . that’s what the conditional tense is all about. If the conditions [more…]



• Big Names in the Ancient Game of Philosophy
• If you’re into philosophy, it’s important to become acquainted with some of the early founding philosophers. This list contains the big names and big thinkers of ancient times: [more…]



• The Big Three in Greek Philosophy
• You can't begin a study of world philosophy without talking about the big three ancient Greek philosophers: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. [more…]



• Biochemistry For Dummies Cheat Sheet
• Studying amino acids (the building blocks of proteins which we need to grow and develop) is essential in Biochemistry. The four subgroups of Amino acids are: nonpolar, polar and uncharged, acidic, and [more…]



• Biochemistry's Acidic Amino Acids
• Important to the study of biochemistry, aspartic and glumatic acids are negatively charged at physiological pH and polar. These two amino acids make up the acidic amino acid group and are represented here [more…]



• Biochemistry's Basic Amino Acids
• Amino acids are important to the study of biochemistry because they’re the building blocks of proteins found in all cells. The basic group of amino acids is represented here: [more…]



• Biogeography: Watching Darwin's Finches
• Biogeography is simply the study of the locations of different species through space. Biogeography reveals that species that appear to be closely related tend to be geographically close as well, as though [more…]



• The Biological Circle and Cycles of Life
• Understand the cycles and pathways that keep life moving, and you’ll have a good grasp of the concept of how energy is passed around and converted, allowing life forms to function. The circle of life is [more…]



• Biology -- Visiting the Fungi Kingdom
• Fungi once were considered to be plants because they grow out of the soil and have rigid cell walls. Nowadays they are placed independently in their own kingdom of equal rank with the animals and plants [more…]



• Biology For Dummies Cheat Sheet
• Keys to the study of biology are: the cellular processes that occur simultaneously in our bodies and the methods of converting and transferring energy among living things [more…]



• Biology: Living in the Biosphere
• The biosphere is the blanket of living things that surrounds the substratum (rock layer) of the earth. The biosphere is composed of living organisms as well as the physical environment. [more…]



• The Birth of Impressionism: Manet and Monet
• Impressionism began to take shape in the 1860s on the canvases of Édouard Manet, Claude Monet, and Pierre-Auguste Renoir. But the actual birth of Impressionism was probably the summer of 1869, when Monet [more…]



• Body Language For Dummies Cheat Sheet
• Have you ever wondered what people’s body language reveals about their feelings? Perhaps you want to change the way that people see you. Find out how to decode those secret signals with this Cheat Sheet [more…]



• Body Language That Says You Claim Your Space
• Remind yourself that you have the right to be where you are. You have no need to apologise to anyone. Use the following body language to increase your sense of self-confidence. [more…]



• Bone Vocabulary
• Adult human bones are composed of 30 percent protein (called ossein), 45 percent minerals (including calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium), and 25 percent water. Minerals give the bone strength and hardness [more…]



• Boning Up (Er, Down) on Gravity
• Gravity is a force of nature that you experience every day. It's produced by all matter in the universe and attracts all pieces of matter, regardless of type. The Earth produces gravity and so do the sun [more…]



• Boning Up on Irregular Past Participles in Spanish
• The Spanish language has a hefty collection of verbs that have irregular past participles. Not all verbs can be as structured and disciplined as the regular [more…]



• Boosting Your Vocabulary for Standardized Tests
• During the years of your formal education, you face numerous standardized tests — at least in the U.S. school system. The following suggestions can help you get your skills up to speed for the reading [more…]



• Brightening Your World with Colors in Spanish
• Shopping for clothes, home décor items, and other household goods in Spanish-speaking countries requires some familiarity with describing these colores [more…]



• The British Sign Language Alphabet
• Using British Sign Language (BSL) means you very often need to spell out words using signs for individual letters. Here we show you how to sign the letters of the alphabet. [more…]



• British Sign Language For Dummies Cheat Sheet
• British Sign language is the standard medium of communication for the Deaf community in the United Kingdom. It’s as rich and complex a language as any other, and just like with any other language you need [more…]



• British Sign Language Numbers, 1-10
• Whenever and wherever you use British Sign Language, sooner or later you’ll need to indicate number. Whether you’re talking money, time or quantity, you need to have the basic numbers at your fingertips [more…]



• Budgeting Your Time to Complete a Research Paper
• In a perfect world, writing a major research paper would be such a delightful experience that you would eagerly jump right in and start writing a brilliant paper that's just the right length and completed [more…]



• Building a Bill in Congress
• As soon as you start working with the United States Congress, you begin hearing about this bill or that bill. It's as if someone named Bill is everywhere in Washington. In the congressional context, a [more…]



• Building Logical Arguments
• When people say "Let's be logical" about a given situation or problem, they usually mean "Let's follow these steps:"



• 1. Figure out what we know to be true. [more…]



• Building the Body: From Atoms to Organs
• Your body, as a whole, is one organism. However, many, many parts make up that whole. As you consider the various levels of the body (see Figure 1), you understand that a large number of parts are within [more…]



• Building Up Your Author Support Network
• If you’ve finished writing a novel but aren’t published yet, you should have two goals: to make sure your novel is as good as it can be and to market yourself to agents and editors who can help you get [more…]



• Building Your Vocabulary for U.S. Citizenship
• Living in the U.S., you'll find opportunities to practice English everywhere — you'll encounter native English speakers in your job or daily activities, and wherever you look you'll see signs in English [more…]



• Calculus For Dummies Cheat Sheet
• Calculus requires knowledge of other math disciplines. To make studying and working out problems in calculus easier, make sure you know basic formulas for geometry, trigonometry, integral calculus, and [more…]



• Calendar Terms in Russian
• When making plans, appointments, and travel arrangements in Russian-speaking countries, you need to be able to state dates and other calendar terms in Russian. Understanding the days of the week and the [more…]



• Calling for Help in Spanish
• You don’t want to think about worst-case scenarios when planning a vacation to a Spanish-speaking country, but you never know when you might find yourself in a situation where calling for help in Spanish [more…]



• Capturing the Reader's Attention in Your College Admission Essay
• When you begin reading a piece of writing, what inspires you to keep reading? Here are several techniques that will super-glue your reader's attention to your essay. [more…]



• Career Opportunities in Biochemistry
• Because of recent advances in biochemistry and biotechnology, many new professions have been created for biochemistry majors. Those who stop at the BS degree often find themselves working as technicians [more…]



• Career Opportunities in Biology
• Some career opportunities in the field of biology include corporate scientists, university scientists, and specialists in selected fields. Biology scientists do not just mix chemicals in different types [more…]



• Cashing In on Spanish Money Terms
• Although each Spanish-speaking country has its own form of currency, some words and phrases about money are the same, no matter where you travel. Here are a few Spanish words and phrases that you can take [more…]



• Categorizing Congressional Lobbyists
• Usually when people refer lobbyists, they're talking about professionals, people who hire themselves out to clients to work on their behalf. Frequently, lobbyists started their careers either as members [more…]



• Categorizing Mother Nature: The Linnaean Taxonomic System
• In order to effectively study plants and animals, all scientists need to use the same names. Using the same names keeps scientists from getting confused about what species is being referred to. [more…]



• Cellular Processes Outline
• Every living thing needs fuel, and regardless of the source (plant or animal), that fuel is broken down into nutrients which are needed to fuel all the other cellular processes. Metabolism is the sum of [more…]



• Cellular Respiration in Molecular Biology
• Cellular respiration is your body's way of breaking down food molecules (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) and making their stored energy available to the cell. Here's a brief overview: [more…]



• Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
• In molecular and cell biology, central dogma is the passage of information from DNA to RNA to protein. Here's a brief breakdown of central dogma's process: [more…]



• The Changing States of Solids, Liquids, and Gases
• When a substance goes from one state of matter — solid, liquid, or gas — to another state of matter, the process is a change of state. Some rather interesting things occur during this process. [more…]



• Checking into a Hotel in Spanish
• If you're traveling abroad, knowing a few Spanish hotel words and phrases can help you find good hotel accommodations in a Spanish-speaking area. The following dialogue shows what could be a common dialogue [more…]



• Checking Out Real Estate Licensing and Exam Basics
• Every state has at least two license levels for its real estate agents: salesperson and broker. (Briefly, a real estate broker is someone authorized by the state to perform certain activities such as sales [more…]



• The Checklist for Writing a Novel and Getting Published
• Don’t fall down on the easy stuff. If you’re writing a novel and sending your manuscript to a publisher, it has to be in perfect shape. Make sure that you can tick every box before you consider your novel [more…]



• Chemistry -- Can You Take the Heat?
• For chemical reactions and phase transformations, the energy absorbed or liberated is measured as heat. The principal unit for reporting heat is the calorie [more…]



• Chemistry -- Hydrocarbons
• An infinite variety of compounds can be assembled from only carbon and hydrogen atoms. So-called hydrocarbons may be the simplest organic compounds, but they have mighty economic importance because they [more…]



• Chemistry -- Subatomic Particles
• The exploration of atomic structure began in 1911, when Ernest Rutherford, a New Zealander who worked in Canada and England, discovered that atoms had a dense central [more…]



• Chemistry Basics
• Gain a better understanding of chemistry by getting a handle on the basics: the laws, formulas, and reactions that make up some of the foundation of chemistry. [more…]



• Chemistry For Dummies Cheat Sheet
• Successfully studying and understanding chemistry begins with comprehending the basics, referring to the periodic table for the properties of elements, and knowing your conversions when making measurements [more…]



• Chemistry: The States of Matter
• Look around you. All the stuff you see — your chair, the water you're drinking — is matter. Matter is the material part of the universe. It's anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter can exist [more…]



• Chinese Greetings and Good-Byes
• When you're traveling in Chinese-speaking locations, you'll find that the words and phrases you use most frequently will be the common Chinese greetings. These words and phrases will quickly become second [more…]



• Chinese Travel-Related Words and Phrases
• Traveling in a Chinese-speaking country can be confusing if you can't read the signs or understand the instructions you're given. Learning a few useful travel-related words and phrases in Chinese before [more…]



• Chinese Vocabulary for Shopping
• Develop a Chinese shopping vocabulary to gain a new cultural experience when traveling. Whether you're shopping for clothes, food, or souvenirs, you can use the following Chinese phrases to help you find [more…]



• Choosing an Alternative Career Path with a Law Degree
• You put in the time, money, blood, sweat, and tears necessary to make it through law school, but find that you don’t really want to be a lawyer. Rest assured that you’re not alone. Many law school graduates [more…]



• Choosing between Future Perfect and Conditional Perfect in Spanish
• Conceptually speaking, the future and conditional perfect verb tenses in Spanish are similar — each tense expresses completed action in a future time. The similarities end there, however, because the future [more…]



• Choosing to Use Who and Whom
• The whole topic of pronouns is enough to give you a headache, but the time has come to put to rest one of the peskiest pronoun problems once and for all. The rule for knowing when to use [more…]



• Circulatory Systems in Plants and Animals
• The circulatory system is the method of transport in plants and animals. Animals must have nutrients and oxygen reach every cell in their body. Plants must have nutrients and carbon dioxide reach every [more…]



• Classifying Three Types of Triangles
• Triangles are classified according to the length of their sides or the measure of their angles. These classifications come in threes, just like the sides and angles themselves. That is, a triangle has [more…]



• Collision Theory: How Chemical Reactions Occur
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• By mastering the basics of conversation in Chinese, you put yourself and the person you're talking to at ease. Everyone should learn essential Chinese conversational words and phrases before traveling [more…]



• Common Conversational Words and Phrases in French
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• Common Conversational Words and Phrases in German
• By mastering the basics of polite conversation, you can put yourself and the person you're talking with at ease. You'll find that there are many words and phrases that come up in most everyday conversations [more…]



• Common Conversational Words and Phrases in Italian
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• Common Conversational Words and Phrases in Japanese
• By mastering the basics of polite conversation, you can put yourself and the person you're talking with at ease. There are some essential conversation words and phrases that everyone should master before [more…]



• Common Conversational Words and Phrases in Russian
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• Common Geometry Symbols
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• Concerns about Nuclear Power
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• Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Entender (to Understand/Know About)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like entender, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Estar (to Be)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like estar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Hacer (to Do/Make)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like hacer, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Ir (to Go)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like ir, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Jugar (to Play)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like jugar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Probar (to Try)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like probar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Querer (to Want)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like querer, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Salir (to Go Out/Leave)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like salir, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Ser (to Be)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like ser, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Tener (to Have)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like tener, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Traer (to Bring)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like traer, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Venir (to Come)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like venir, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Reflexive Spanish Verb Despertarse (to Wake Up)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like despertarse, you need to be able to identify which group a verb [more…]



• Conjugating the Reflexive Spanish Verb Llamarse (to Call Oneself)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like llamarse, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Spanish Verb Ayudar (to Help)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like ayudar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Spanish Verb Bailar (to Dance)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like bailar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Spanish Verb Bajar (to Go Down)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like bajar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Spanish Verb Beber (to Drink)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like beber, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Spanish Verb Buscar (to Look/Search)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like buscar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Spanish Verb Cambiar (to Change)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like cambiar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Spanish Verb Caminar (to Walk)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like caminar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Spanish Verb Cantar (to Sing)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like cantar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Spanish Verb Comer (to Eat)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like comer, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Spanish Verb Comprar (to Shop/Buy)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like comprar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Spanish Verb Dejar (to Leave Something)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like dejar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Spanish Verb Dormir (to Sleep)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like dormir, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Spanish Verb Escribir (to Write)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like escribir, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Spanish Verb Escuchar (to Listen)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like escuchar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Spanish Verb Esperar (to Wait)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like esperar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Spanish Verb Gustar (to Like)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like gustar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Spanish Verb Haber (to Have)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. Haber(ah-bvehr) (to have) is used only with compound tenses. It serves as a helping verb that completes an action [more…]



• Conjugating the Spanish Verb Hablar (to Speak)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like hablar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Spanish Verb Invitar (to Invite)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like invitar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Spanish Verb Leer (to Read)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like leer, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Spanish Verb Nadar (to Swim)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like nadar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Spanish Verb Subir (to Go Up/Ascend)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like subir, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Spanish Verb Tocar (to Play an Instrument/Touch)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like tocar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Spanish Verb Tomar (to Take/Drink)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like tomar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Spanish Verb Vender (to Sell)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like vender, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Conjugating the Spanish Verb Vivir (to Live)
• Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like vivir, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]



• Considering an AP English Literature and Composition Class
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• Constructing Basic Spanish Sentences
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• Constructing Simple Sentences in French
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• Constructing Your Manga Plot
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• Conversion Table for Physical Measurements in Physics
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• Conveying Uncertainty with the Spanish Subjunctive
• The Spanish subjunctive mood doesn’t need to be positive. It simply needs to be uncertain, and uncertainty can take many forms, including doubt, impersonal opinion, and incomplete action. Use the subjunctive [more…]



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• Copyediting for Political Correctness
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• Counting in English
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• Counting on Numbers in Sign Language
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• Counting on Numbers in Spanish
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• Covalent Bonds: A Hydrogen Example
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• Covalent Bonds: Types of Chemical Formulas
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• Covering Cool Organic Discoveries
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• Crafting Your Character's Dialogue in Your Screenplay
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• Cramer’s Rule for Linear Algebra
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• A Crash Course in Poetic History
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• Creating Common Manga Characters
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• Creating Compound Verb Tenses in Spanish
• Each simple tense of a Spanish verb has a corresponding compound tense — seven simple tenses, seven compound tenses. The compound tenses make actions perfect or complete. The compound tenses are: [more…]



• Creating Contractions with Articles in Spanish
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• Creating Emotional Conflict and Tension in a Romance Novel
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• Creating Simple, Verb-Free Sentences in Arabic
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• Creative Writing For Dummies Cheat Sheet
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• Criminology For Dummies Cheat Sheet
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• Crunching Numbers: Writing in Scientific Notation
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• Cryptogram Exercise
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• Curses: Repeating the GRE Test
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• Days of the Week and Months of the Year in English
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• Days of the Week in Arabic
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• Days of the Week in Italian
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• Days of the Week in Spanish
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• Dealing with Analogy Questions
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• Dealing with Unique Spanish Punctuation
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• Debating Who Actually Won the Civil War
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• Debunking Common Myths about Freemasonry
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• Debunking Dan Brown: The Real Knights Templar
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• Debunking Some Myths about Copyediting and Proofreading
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• Debunking the Beatles Conspiracy: "Paul Is Dead"
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• Deciding between the Preterit and Imperfect Verb Tenses in Spanish
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• Deciding Which SAT Subject Test to Take
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• Deciphering Spanish Surnames
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• Declaring Independence for America
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• Declining a Latin Noun
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• Decoding a Spanish Cryptogram Puzzle
• Cracking the code of a cryptogram puzzle (in which letters stand in for other letters) becomes easier when you know a few inside tips: [more…]



• Decoding Medical Lingo
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• Decrypting Cryptographic Ciphers
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• Defining Differences between the SAT II, SAT I, and ACT
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• Defining Family Relationships in Spanish
• In Latin America, the family is the basic unit of Spanish society. People work, live, and function in consonance with their families. When visiting your Spanish-speaking neighbors, you’ll be more comfortable [more…]



• Defining Number Systems in Algebra
• A number system in algebra is a set of numbers — and different number systems solve different types of algebra problems. Number systems include real numbers, natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational [more…]



• Defining Romanticism in the Arts
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• Defining the Different Types of Violent Crime
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• Defining the Radian in Trigonometry
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• Defining the Science of Biology
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• The Degrees of the Scottish Rite, Northern Masonic Jurisdiction
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• The Degrees of the Scottish Rite, Southern Masonic Jurisdiction
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• Demonstrating Openness and Confidence through Your Body Language
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• Department Store Shopping: Spanish Vocabulary
• When shopping in a Spanish department store, a few simple Spanish phrases can help you find what you’re looking for. Shopping in a Spanish department store is an experience you’re likely to be more accustomed [more…]



• Describing Parts of the Body in Spanish
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• Describing the Anatomic Position
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• Designing a Computer-Based Training Process
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• Designing Experiments Using the Scientific Method
• How do the scientists know what they know? When it comes to gathering information, scientists usually rely on the scientific method.
• The scientific method [more…]



• Designing Homeschool Unit Studies
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• Detecting Diphthongs in Spanish
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• Determining How Your ASVAB Scores Affect Your Enlistment in Job-Training Programs
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• Determining Whether You Really Want to Become a U.S. Citizen
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• Developing an Artistic Sensibility for Screenwriting
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• Developing Campaigns: The Art of War during the Civil War
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• Developing Critical-Thinking Strategies for the NCLEX-RN
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• Different Patterns of Evolution
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• Differentiating between Por and Para in Spanish
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• Discovering Italian High Renaissance Artists
• If you are familiar with any Renaissance, it is with the Italian High Renaissance. In this article, you encounter names of master artists that have become household words. Now you can put those names in [more…]



• Discovering Pythagorean Triples
• The Pythagorean Theorem is certainly one of the most famous theorems in all of mathematics. Mathematicians and lay people alike have studied it for centuries, and people have proved it in many different [more…]



• Discovering Test-Taking Strategies for the GED
• You can increase your GED score by practicing smart exam-taking. This article gives you some tips for planning your time, guessing intelligently, and reviewing your work. [more…]



• Discovering the Baroque Masters: Caravaggio and His Followers
• Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, known more simply as Caravaggio (1571–1610), was the greatest and most influential painter of the Baroque style. He was also a quick-tempered Bohemian who was often jailed [more…]



• Discovering the Biogeochemical Cycles
• Boy, put biology, geology, and chemistry together, and you get biogeochemical! When you talk about the "circle of life," the circle to which you are referring is a [more…]



• Discovering the Gold Standards of Architectural Rescue
• Today, American architects follow standards established by the Secretary of the Interior when preserving architecture. The following definitions for preservation, restoration, reconstruction and replication [more…]



• Discovering the Key to Every Romance Novel: The Heroine
• Most romance readers are women, and naturally, they want to see themselves reflected in their choice of reading. That desire for reflection doesn't mean that every heroine has to be straight from everyday [more…]



• Discovering What Freemasonry Is
• Freemasons don't always do such a good job of defining just what they are or what they do, but that's often because the answers non-Masons are looking for are really too complicated. [more…]



• Discovering What Philosopher Immanuel Kant Can Do
• Immanuel Kant is probably the most famous of many famously verbose and complex German philosophers. As a young man and a student, he lived a life of poverty and deprivation. He often went hungry, but preserved [more…]



• Discovering What Physics Is All About
• You can observe plenty going on around you all the time in the middle of your complex world. Leaves are waving, the sun is shining, the stars are twinkling, light bulbs are glowing, cars are moving, computer [more…]



• Discussing Your Job in Italian
• Business contacts with people in other countries continues to increase in importance. Because modern technology supports the quick exchange of information over vast distances, you may have to talk to foreign [more…]



• Diseases Decimate Native American Populations
• From the 16th century through the early 20th century, no fewer than 93 confirmed epidemics and pandemics — all of which can be attributed to European contagions — decimated the American Indian population [more…]



• Dissecting NCLEX-RN Questions and Focusing on the Stem
• Multiple-choice questions hog most of the space on the NCLEX-RN test because they're objective and efficient and can assess the depth and breadth of your understanding of curriculum content. Therefore, [more…]



• Dividing Variables
• Dividing variables is fairly straightforward. Each variable is considered separately. The number coefficients are reduced the same as in simple fractions. When dividing variables, you write the problem [more…]



• Do’s and Don’ts on the ACT Reading Test
• In the Reading Test of the college entrance exam that is the ACT, you don’t have to worry about writing an essay or doing verbal analogies, but you do have to read passages and answer questions about them [more…]



• A Down Side of Evolutionary Change: Antibiotic Resistance
• In the days before antibiotics were widely available and widely used, people knew the dangers of infection. Even minor injuries like cuts and scrapes were taken far more seriously. Like they say, an ounce [more…]



• Dream Interpreting: Recognizing and Working with a Physical Dream
• Dreams come in many shapes and sizes, some vague, some detailed, some frightening, some inspiring. They all contain encoded messages aimed at improving your life. As you become ready to start a dream diary [more…]



• Dream Interpreting: The Emotions in Your Dreams
• If you're interested in recording your dreams in a dream diary — or in interpreting your dreams — some emotion you've experienced is probably the driving force. Every time you express or deny an intense [more…]



• Easing the Learning Assessment with Blackboard
• The Blackboard online environment offers many ways to incorporate both formative and summative assessment techniques in your courses. Consider the following ideas. [more…]



• Eight Basic Algebraic Curves
• Algebra is all about graphing relationships, and the curve is one of the most basic shapes used. Here's a look at eight of the most frequently used graphs. [more…]



• Einstein Storms the Scientific World
• When Einstein began his research as an amateur scientist, there were two major problems: [more…]



• El Niño and La Niña: Weather's Sibling Rivalry
• Just when you think you've got the seasons in your area all figured out, along comes a winter that is nothing like what you expect. Around the country, around the world, everything seems to be upside down [more…]



• Electrochemical Cells: Automobile Batteries
• The automobile battery, or lead storage battery, consists of six electrochemical cells connected in series. The anode of each cell is lead, while the cathode is lead dioxide. [more…]



• Electrochemical Cells: Flashlight Cells
• The common flashlight cell, a dry electrochemical cell, is contained in a zinc housing that acts as the anode (the electrode at which oxidation takes place). The other electrode, the cathode [more…]



• Electrochemical Cells: The Daniell Cell
• Many of the things we deal with in life are related either directly or indirectly to electrochemical reactions. The Daniell cell is an electrochemical cell named after John Frederic Daniell, the British [more…]



• Electronegativity and Polar Covalent Bonding
• Electronegativity is the strength an atom has to attract a bonding pair of electrons to itself. When a chlorine atom covalently bonds to another chlorine atom, the shared electron pair is shared equally [more…]



• Elements of a Great Law School Application
• The application process for law school can be nerve-wracking. You have to present yourself in your law school application in a positive, engaging fashion without straining the admission committee’s credulity [more…]



• Elements of a Successful Nonfiction Book Proposal
• To get your nonfiction book published, put together a strong proposal. Use the proposal to "sell" your book to potential literary agents, editors, and publishers. Make sure your proposal is as polished [more…]



• Endosymbiotic Theory
• Taxonomy and phylogeny (the ways in which living things are connected, categorized, and named) ultimately boil down to questions of origins: who begat whom, and who originally begat the begetters, and [more…]



• English Grammar Basics: Parts of a Sentence
• After you get a good grip on the different parts of speech, it’s time to put them all together to form the proper sentence. The right words and punctuation in the right order can make all the difference [more…]



• English Grammar For Dummies Cheat Sheet
• Whether you’re engaging in everyday speech or writing the perfect paper, you need to be familiar with the various parts of English grammar. Knowing how to correctly use nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns [more…]



• English Grammar Tips for Subject-Verb Agreement
• Someone or something must be present in a sentence, and that someone or something doing the action or being talked about is the subject. Verbs are the words that express the action the subject is doing [more…]



• Enjoying French Meals
• What better way to enjoy what you are going to eat than to start with an empty stomach. Then you can say, "J'ai faim"(zheh fan) (I'm hungry) or "J'ai soif [more…]



• Enter a War Hero: President Ulysses Simpson Grant
• Ulysses Grant's two terms as president are usually considered the most corrupt of any of the presidencies in U.S. history. Why did an honest man suffer such horrible terms in office? For one reason, Grant [more…]



• Escalating the Vietnam War: The Tet Offensives of 1968
• The Tet holiday is revered in Vietnamese society as a series of days to visit with and enjoy family and friends. It has also been a time of great victories over previous foreign invaders in Vietnam. Almost [more…]



• Essential Expressions in British Sign Language
• Every language has essential, everyday phrases and expressions you just can’t do without, and British Sign Language is no exception. Here we show you a few of these must-have signs. [more…]



• The Essentials of Arabic Words and Phrases for Traveling
• Before you travel to an Arabic-speaking country, review essential Arabic words and phrases — including vocabulary for shopping, dining, asking directions, and meeting new people. [more…]



• The Essentials of Chemistry Basics
• Chemistry is the branch of science that deals with matter, which is anything that has mass and occupies space. You’ll need to get up to speed with some chemistry basics before you explore more complex [more…]



• The Essentials of Chinese Words and Phrases for Traveling
• Before you travel to a Chinese-speaking country, review essential Chinese words and phrases — including vocabulary for shopping, dining, directions, and meeting new people. [more…]



• The Essentials of Dealing with Emergencies in Spanish-Speaking Countries
• Having an emergency when you're in a foreign country can be frightening. Know the essentials of dealing with emergencies in Spanish-speaking countries before you go so that you don't have to worry about [more…]



• The Essentials of Driving and Getting Around by Car in Spanish-Speaking Countries
• Driving in a foreign country is less fun when you're lost. Review the essentials of driving and getting around by car in a Spanish-speaking country to equip yourself with the phrases and vocabulary you'll [more…]



• The Essentials of French Words and Phrases for Traveling
• Before you travel to a French-speaking country, review essential French words and phrases — including vocabulary for shopping, dining, directions, and meeting new people. [more…]



• The Essentials of German Words and Phrases for Traveling
• Before you travel to a German-speaking country, review essential German words and phrases — including vocabulary for shopping, dining, directions, and meeting new people. [more…]



• The Essentials of Going Out on the Town in Spanish-Speaking Countries
• Before you go out on the town in a Spanish-speaking country, review the essential Spanish you'll need to know before you hit the road, including vocabulary for shopping, asking directions, and going out [more…]



• The Essentials of Italian Words and Phrases for Traveling
• Before you travel to an Italian-speaking country, review essential Italian words and phrases — including vocabulary for shopping, dining, asking directions, and meeting new people. [more…]



• The Essentials of Japanese Words and Phrases for Traveling
• Before you travel to a Japanese-speaking area, review essential Japanese words and phrases — including vocabulary for shopping, dining, asking directions, and meeting new people. [more…]



• The Essentials of Russian Words and Phrases for Traveling
• Before you travel to a Russian-speaking country, review essential Russian words and phrases — including vocabulary for shopping, dining, asking directions, and meeting new people. [more…]



• The Essentials of Shopping in Spanish-Speaking Countries
• There's nothing quite like an exotic foreign marketplace. Review the essentials of shopping in Spanish-speaking countries so that you'll know how markets work and what to expect. You'll also learn all [more…]



• The Essentials of Traveling by Train in Spanish-Speaking Countries
• Traveling in a foreign country can be a great adventure. Take the time to review the essentials of traveling by train in Spanish-speaking countries. You'll learn the ins and outs of getting around by train [more…]



• Establishing a Fictional Character’s History
• To better understand a character’s history, or backstory, many fiction writers create entire histories for their characters. When developing a character for a story, determining the character’s personal [more…]



• Evaluating a Program for Studying Abroad
• After you've selected a variety of potential study abroad programs, you need to take a careful look at each program. Maybe you're wondering why you placed a particular program on your list of possibilities [more…]



• Evaluating U.S. Presidents
• U.S. presidents are evaluated in many ways. The major characteristics that academic and public polls use to evaluate the 44 U.S. presidents vary from survey to survey, but the main standards remain consistent [more…]



• Everyday Math For Dummies Cheat Sheet
• Everyday math comes in handy when you’re dealing with finances like credit cards and mortgages, and even helps when you’re trying to figure out how much to leave for a tip. Knowing some basic math formulas [more…]



• Evolutionary Differences: Macroevolution versus Microevolution
• An ongoing debate in evolution is whether there is a distinction between macroevolution and microevolution, and if so, how to define that difference. Since the advent of molecular biology, with its insight [more…]



• Evolutionary Ideas: Species and Speciation
• In evolution, speciation is simply the process whereby a single lineage (species) splits into two lineages. In other words, new species arise from existing species. But what constitutes a species, and [more…]



• Examining Carbohydrates: Energy-Packed Compounds
• Carbohydrates, as the name implies, consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (hydrate = water, hydrogen and oxygen). Carbohydrates are energy-packed compounds. They are broken down by organisms quickly, [more…]



• Examining Frodo as the Unwitting Hero of Tolkien's Middle-earth
• Frodo Baggins, the main character of The Lord of the Rings, becomes its unwitting hero when he's adopted by Bilbo Baggins (his cousin, but known affectionately as [more…]



• Examining Nuclear Power Plants
• Nuclear power plants rely on the chain reaction of fission to create nuclear power. The real trick, however, is to control the chain reaction, releasing its energy slowly so that ends other than destruction [more…]



• Examining Presidential Influence on the U.S. Presidency
• Just as the president is a living, breathing person, the presidency is a living, breathing institution. The men who have so far filled the office have put their own unique stamp on the office, for better [more…]



• Examining Rap's Origins
• The rap music of today is an outgrowth of the mid-1970s hip-hop, a brash mixture of rhythm and boastful talking. Out of nowhere, the Sugarhill Gang's "Rapper's Delight, [more…]



• Examining Some Genetic Diseases
• Genetic diseases are the result of an abnormal pattern in the DNA of an individual. These diseases are inherited, though some individuals are only carriers and not sufferers. Recently, quite a bit of research [more…]



• Examining Some Key Thinkers of the Enlightenment
• Historians often date modern history from the 18th century, not just because this period saw the American and French Revolutions, but because at this time a fundamental change took place in the way people [more…]



• Examining the Battle of Good vs. Evil in Tolkien's Middle-earth
• Tolkien was clear in the stories of The Silmarillion and The Lord of the Rings that the struggle between good and evil is never-ending. No sooner did the Valar vanquish Melkor than Sauron emerged in Middle-earth [more…]



• Examining the Beginnings of World War II
• Officially, World War II began when Nazi Germany invaded Poland in September 1939 and the French and English declared war against Germany as a result of that invasion. But the war's beginnings came long [more…]



• Examining the Leaders of North and South Vietnam
• You can get a better understanding of the Vietnam War by taking a look at the leaders of North Vietnam (Ho Chi Minh) and South Vietnam (Ngo Dinh Diem). Getting to know more about the two leaders in Vietnam [more…]



• Examining the Life of Malcolm X
• Although best known for slogans such as "By Any Means Necessary" as well as posters depicting him with a gun, Malcolm X was a very complex man. An ex-convict, Malcolm X's strength, charisma, and intelligence [more…]



• Examining the Physical Properties of Water
• The medium in which biological systems operate is water, and physical properties of water influence the biological systems. Therefore, it is important to understand some properties of water that you learned [more…]



• Examining the Presidency of John F. Kennedy
• John F. Kennedy was the first president born in the 20th century. He was also the youngest president, at 43 years of age, to be elected to office. (Theodore Roosevelt assumed the office at age 42, after [more…]



• Examining the (Re)Birth of the Renaissance
• A 19th-century Swiss historian named Jacob Burckhardt coined the term Renaissance (rebirth) for the big changes in thinking and the arts that took place in Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries. The rebirth [more…]



• Examining the Roots of Skepticism: Pyrrho and Sextus
• The words skeptic and skepticism come from an ancient Greek verb that meant "to inquire." Etymologically, then, a skeptic is an inquirer. This should form important background for an understanding of skeptical [more…]



• Examining the World of the Technical Writer
• People who write technical documents come from all walks of life — and most aren't technical writers per se. Here are some actual situations of people who were called upon to write technical documents [more…]



• Exchanging Your Dollars for the Local Currency
• Each country has its own currency, so when you travel in Spanish-speaking countries, you need to use the local currency to make your transactions. Don’t use your dollars to buy Spanish goods or services [more…]



• Explaining Medical Symptoms in Spanish
• Accidents and ailments happen everywhere, even on a vacation to a Spanish-speaking country. If you can't explain your medical symptoms to a Spanish doctor, your minor ailment can become a major emergency [more…]



• Explore Current Stem Cell Treatments
• Scientists have been working with human adult stem cells — the stem cells found in specific tissues — for more than 40 years, compared to only a dozen years for human embryonic stem cells. As a result, [more…]



• Exploring Genetics Research
• People have been wondering why they look like their parents for centuries. Observations of nature over the past few millenia have led people to ask "Why? [more…]



• Exploring How the Civil War Began
• Wars have many causes. No one should ever forget that wars are fought for political reasons and objectives. Essentially, people or nations go to war to protect a vital interest, defend territory from an [more…]



• Exploring the Ancient Pyramids
• From the ancient civilizations of the Near East to the native peoples of Central America, pyramid building has been a common architectural design for thousands of years. [more…]



• Exploring the Different Types of Fiction
• Fiction is a general term used to describe an imaginative work of prose, either a novel, short story, or novella. Recently, this definition has been modified to include both nonfiction works that contain [more…]



• Exploring the Diverse Lands of Middle-earth
• You may well wonder why it's important at all to locate Middle-earth in J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings. Does it really matter whether Middle-earth is a future world in another galaxy or a Europe long [more…]



• Exposing the Feminine Mystique
• Although the beginning of the'60s showcased women in frilly white aprons, spatula in hand and crying child on hip, females hadn't been in such a role forever. During World War II [more…]



• Expressing Desire and Suggestion with the Spanish Subjunctive Mood
• Making suggestions and indicating desire are two important functions of the Spanish subjunctive mood. Everyone gives advice or asks for what they want; one of the coolest features of the subjunctive mood [more…]



• Expressing Desire, Obligation, and Age with the Spanish Verb Tener
• Tener is an extremely versatile Spanish verb. It works by itself the way other verbs do, but it also forms special verb structures to express age or a desire or obligation to take action. In short, you [more…]



• Expressing Gratitude and Regret in Japanese
• Phrases of gratitude and apology are the most important and essential phrases in any language. Suppose a stranger holds a door open for you when you're entering a building. What do you say? Suppose you [more…]



• Expressing Near and Far in Spanish
• Two Spanish words can help you express distance: cerca(sehr-kah; meaning near or close) and lejos (leh-Hohs;meaning far). When traveling in a Spanish-speaking country, be sure to use these two words when [more…]



• Expressing Spatial Directions in Spanish
• Certain Spanish words allow you to describe where people or things are in relation to other people and things. Expressing these spatial directions in Spanish — and thus creating more accurate and engaging [more…]



• Expressing Uncertainty in Spanish with the Imperfect Subjunctive
• You always use the Spanish imperfect subjunctive verb tense to express uncertainty about a past action, but several other key words and circumstances can also clue you in to the need for the imperfect [more…]



• Expressing Your Love for Espresso in Italian
• You may have to order an espresso at your favorite coffee emporium in the United States to get the rich, dark brew you crave, but in Italy, you get the same drink by asking for [more…]



• Eyeballing Evolution and Vision
• Eyes are beautifully complex structures, and their evolution was a source of some mystery to Charles Darwin. The idea that the eye could not have arisen from the process of natural selection is a common [more…]



• Facing Racism and Sexism: Black Women in America
• From the mid-1960s to the early 1970s, black women were in a difficult position. Between the civil rights and feminist movements, where did they fit in? They had been the backbone of the civil rights movement [more…]



• Facing the Challenges of the Deaf Community
• Through the years, Deaf people have had to face numerous challenges. In the past, they had little access to education, and almost no opportunity for gainful employment. Although things have improved over [more…]



• Factoring Binomials
• If a binomial expression can be factored at all, it must be factored in one of four ways. To decide which way you will use, you first look at the addition or subtraction sign that always separates the [more…]



• Factoring Four or More Terms by Grouping
• When four or more terms come together to form an expression, you always look for a greatest common factor first. If you can’t find a factor common to all the terms at the same time, your other option is [more…]



• Famous Freemasons
• An overwhelming number of the world’s best and brightest have been or are Freemasons. These groups give you far from a comprehensive list — they're just a sampling: [more…]



• FBI Crime Statistics
• Without crime, you’d have no scope for your interest in forensics, although, being an upstanding citizen, you’d trade your forensics skills for a crime-free country in a heartbeat, right? Given human nature [more…]



• A Few Habits of Successful Online Students
• Some of the most successful students are those who learn self-discipline in respect to their study habits. The lack of pressure that comes with meeting face-to-face is absent in the online environment. [more…]



• A Few Jane Austen-Related Places to Visit
• England has numerous sites where you can explore the life and work of Jane Austen. The following are just the tip of the iceberg. When you get to your hotel or bed and breakfast in London, find one of [more…]



• Fighting Slavery with the Pen
• At the beginning of the 19th century, many black abolitionists favored moderate and strategic action over violence to end slavery. Since white Americans outnumbered black Americans, violence just wasn't [more…]



• Figuring Out Cardiac Anatomy: Your Heart
• The circulatory system — or cardiovascular system— consists of the heart and the blood vessels. The heart, the main organ of the circulatory system, causes blood to flow. The heart's pumping action squeezes [more…]



• Figuring Out How Roman Mythology Got So Darned Mixed Up
• Roman religion and, therefore, Roman mythology, was a long, drawn-out process of bringing together the gods, stories, and rituals of various cultures and making them Roman. People who study religion or [more…]



• Figuring Out What Freemasons Believe In
• There is no international administrative or controlling authority over Freemasonry. There's no office anyone can call to get the official, worldwide policy position of Freemasons, because there is no such [more…]



• Figuring Out What Probability Means
• Probabilities come in many different disguises. Some of the terms people use for probability are chance, likelihood, odds, percentage, and proportion. But the basic definition of [more…]



• Filling Out Hotel Registration Forms in Spanish
• When registering at a Spanish hotel, you may be asked to fill out a registration form. Following are some Spanish terms for information you’re likely to be asked for when you check in: [more…]



• Finding a Voice during the Harlem Renaissance
• No period of African American literary history receives as much attention as the Harlem Renaissance, which ranged roughly from the beginning of World War I to the Great Depression. For the first time, [more…]



• Finding College Tuition Discounts: Cha-Ching!
• Confusion in terminology comes when discussing the forms of financial aid known as tuition discounts and waivers.Some people consider these to be strictly the financial aid offered based on eligibility [more…]



• Finding Extrasolar Planets
• Astronomers have believed for decades that planets are plentiful, simply because the birth of a star is inevitably accompanied by leftover material — a messy residue of gas and dust that can turn into [more…]



• Finding Hidden Pronouns in Spanish Sentences
• Pronouns are pretty easy to find in English sentences, but Spanish pronouns often seem hidden from view. Fortunately, finding this elusive part of speech in Spanish is actually pretty easy if you know [more…]



• Finding Ideas for Your Writing
• So you know you want to write a book — you just don't know what you want to write about. For many people, it's not uncommon to think that you need to write about something exotic or different or strange [more…]



• Finding the Answers in Spanish Word Search Puzzles
• Word search puzzles commonly come in two flavors: the seek-and-find variety that includes a list of words you need to find, and the secret list variety, which describes a group of words and leaves figuring [more…]



• Finding the Best Science Fair Project for You
• Science fair projects can range from the simplest experiment to a complex project that involves experimentation, observation, and advanced mathematical calculations. [more…]



• Finding the Sum and Difference of the Same Two Terms
• When distributing binomials over other terms, knowing how to find the sum and difference of the same two terms is a handy shortcut. The sum of any two terms multiplied by the difference of the same two [more…]



• Five Frequently Mixed-Up French Verbs
• French has many ways a nonnative speaker can mix up verbs or use them incorrectly. The mix-ups are a result of these three problems: [more…]



• The Five Sense Organs in Human Beings
• The sense organs — eyes, ears, tongue, skin, and nose — help to protect the body. The human sense organs contain receptors that relay information through sensory neurons to the appropriate places within [more…]



• The Fluid-Mosaic Model of the Cell Plasma Membrane
• The fluid-mosaic model describes the plasma membrane of animal cells. The plasma membrane that surrounds these cells has two layers (a bilayer) of phospholipids [more…]



• Forensic Duties of a Medical Examiner
• In the case of murder, the medical examiner (ME) may be the person who puts forensics to its purest use. An ME uses science to determine the cause, mechanism, and manner of death to help the investigation [more…]



• Forensics: Assessing the Scene of the Crime
• From the moment the first police officer arrives at the crime scene, he follows a strict set of procedural guidelines designed to protect him and everyone else who's present; guard evidence against damage [more…]



• Forensics: Defining Death
• Picture yourself being buried alive. People living prior to the 19th century had good reason to worry about such matters, because stethoscopes hadn't been invented, and determinations of death were more [more…]



• Forensics: Fingering Criminals Using DNA
• Solving crime means finding out whodunit, so forensic scientists have long searched for ways of absolutely identifying individuals from materials left at a crime scene. [more…]



• Forensics For Dummies Cheat Sheet
• Using science to help solve crime is what forensics is all about. Science and safety rule everything from how a law enforcement officer approaches a crime scene to what to put into a forensic toolbox. [more…]



• Forensics: Profiling the Perpetrator
• If you don't know what you're looking for, finding it is nearly impossible. Profiling, or looking at evidence and making a best guess as to the type of individual who would commit the crime in question [more…]



• Formally Introducing Yourself in Spanish
• Whether you’re speaking in Spanish, English, or Esperanto, introducing yourself formally means that you don’t talk in a chummy, informal way to a person with whom you have no relationship. Instead, especially [more…]



• Forming a Thesis Statement
• You've got a subject ("human-bear interactions") and a topic ("the relationship between Goldilocks and the three bears"). Now it's time to come up with a thesis statement — the point that you want to make [more…]



• Forming Sentences in Japanese
• Welcome to Japanese! To practice the language, work with your family, your close friends, or even your pets until you get the chance to talk with a Japanese person. The more you apply a language in your [more…]



• Forming Sentences in Spanish with Demonstrative Pronouns
• Demonstrative pronouns can make your Spanish flow more naturally in both writing and conversation. So how exactly can you go about forming sentences with demonstrative pronouns? First, you need to understand [more…]



• Forming Spanish “Yes” and “No” Questions by Using Intonation, Tags, and Inversion
• You can easily form Spanish questions by changing your voice intonation, adding a tag phrase to a sentence, or inverting the order of the subject and verb. Here’s how. [more…]



• Forming Spanish Questions from Declarative Sentences
• So you want to ask a Spanish question but aren’t sure how to form it? Just turn your declarative Spanish sentence into a question with these easy steps and ask away. [more…]



• Forming Spanish Questions with “¿Qué?” and “¿Cuánto?”
• Spanish question words like ¿cuánto? and ¿qué? help you ask questions when you need to know how many or which of something to use. The following sections give you a crash course in using these helpful [more…]



• Forming the Future Tense in Spanish
• Some people get anxious about the future because it’s unknown and uncertain. When you’re studying Spanish verbs, however, you may get anxious because you don’t know how to form the future tense or use [more…]



• Forming the Imperative Mood’s “Let’s” Command in Spanish
• The let’s command is a less assertive form of the imperative mood in Spanish. You use the nosotros form in Spanish to suggest an activity to your friends or to a group of people [more…]



• Forming the Spanish Imperfect Subjunctive
• Every Spanish tense and mood has its own quirky procedure you must follow to conjugate the verb. In the case of the imperfect subjunctive, here’s what you do: [more…]



• Forming the Subjunctive of Regular and Irregular Spanish Verbs
• Forming the subjunctive mood of Spanish verbs is pretty easy, despite the subjunctive’s bad reputation among many Spanish students. The following sections show you how to turn regular and irregular present-tense [more…]



• Forming the Subjunctive of Spelling- and Stem-Changing Spanish Verbs
• Forming the subjunctive mood of Spanish verbs is pretty easy, despite the subjunctive’s bad reputation among many Spanish students. The following sections show you how to turn stem- and spelling-changing [more…]



• Formulas You Need to Know for Calculus
• When 'studying calculus, you should have a good understanding of the following tables of formulas so you can efficiently and correctly solve calculus problems: [more…]



• Four Groups of Macromolecules
• Macromolecules are just that - large molecules. The four groups of macromolecules, shown in the table below, are essential to the structure and function of a cell. [more…]



• The Four Ways to Talk to SPSS
• More than one way exists for you to command the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to do your bidding. And you don't have to choose one and stick with it — you can perform tasks using whichever [more…]



• Freemason Blue Lodge Degrees
• The local Blue Lodge is the place where you and your Freemason neighbors begin your Masonic careers. A Blue Lodge is a lodge of Freemasons that confers the first three degrees: [more…]



• Freemason Lodge Officers
• Officers are elected by the members of the lodge, although a few are appointed by the Worshipful Master. In most lodges, the officers serve in their positions for one year. The names and duties of the [more…]



• Freemason Youth Groups
• Beginning just after World War I, interest grew in providing youth groups for the children of Freemasons. In a short period of time, the Freemasons created their own youth programs. [more…]



• Freemasons and the Scottish Rite System
• The Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite is an appendant body of Freemasonry and is considered entirely optional for Masons to join. The Scottish Rite is technically a concordant body because some of its degrees [more…]



• Freemasons and The York Rite System
• The York Rite in Freemasonry actually refers to three cooperative groups that confer a total of ten degrees in the United States. There are four Royal Arch degrees, three Cryptic Mason degrees, and three [more…]



• Freemasons Aren't Satanists
• Masonic meeting is not an act of worship. A lodge is not a church. And Freemasonry is not a religion. Freemasons use prayers to open and close their meetings, but so do Congress and Parliament. [more…]



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• How to Ask Questions in French
• How do you ask basic questions in French? Well, French interrogative words mean the same as they do for English: who, what, when, where, why, and how. By knowing basic French interrogatives, you'll be [more…]



• How to Ask Questions in German
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• How to Count in Italian
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• How to Count in Japanese
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• How to Count in Russian
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• How to Distribute Positive and Negative Numbers
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• How to Distribute Trinomials
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• How to Distribute Variables
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• How to Distribute with Fractional Powers or Radicals
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• How to Divide Exponents
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• How to Divide with the Power of Zero
• [more…]
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• How to Factor a Trinomial by UnFOILing
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• How to Factor Out Numbers
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• How to Factor Out Variables
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• How to Factor the Difference of Two Perfect Cubes
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• How to Factor the Difference of Two Perfect Squares
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• How to Factor the Sum of Two Perfect Cubes
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• How to Find a Function's Derivative by Using the Product and Quotient Rules
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• How to Find High-Order Derivatives
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• How to Find Local Extrema with the First Derivative Test
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• How to Find the Derivative of a Line
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• How to Find the Difference of Two Cubes
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• How to Find the Greatest Common Factor
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• How to Find the Sum of Two Cubes
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• How to Interpret Function Graphs
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• How to Locate Concavity and Inflection Points
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• How to Make Appointments in French
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• How to Make Appointments in German
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• How to Make Appointments in Italian
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• How to Make Introductions in Arabic
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• How to Make Introductions in French
• Learning the proper way to make introductions in French can help you get off to the right start. The French language tends to be a bit more formal than American English. Consequently, introductions in [more…]



• How to Make Introductions in German
• Learning the proper way to make introductions in German can help you get off to the right start. The German language tends to be a bit more formal than American English. Consequently, introductions in [more…]



• How to Make Introductions in Italian
• Learning the proper way to make introductions in Italian can help you get off to the right start. The Italian language tends to be a bit more formal than American English. Consequently, introductions in [more…]



• How to Make Introductions in Japanese
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• How to Make Small Talk in Arabic
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• How to Make Small Talk in Chinese
• Making small talk in Chinese is just the same as in English. Touch on familiar topics like jobs, sports, children — just say it in Chinese! Small talk describes the brief conversations that you have with [more…]



• How to Make Small Talk in French
• Making small talk in French is just the same as in English. Touch on familiar topics like jobs, sports, children — just say it in French! Small talk describes the brief conversations that you have with [more…]



• How to Make Small Talk in German
• Making small talk in German is just the same as in English. Touch on familiar topics like jobs, sports, children — just say it in German! Small talk describes the brief conversations that you have with [more…]



• How to Make Small Talk in Italian
• Making small talk in Italian is just the same as in English. Touch on familiar topics like jobs, sports, children — just say it in Italian! Small talk describes the brief conversations that you have with [more…]



• How to Make Small Talk in Japanese
• Making small talk in Japanese is just the same as in English. Touch on familiar topics like jobs, sports, children — just say it in Japanese! Small talk describes the brief conversations that you have [more…]



• How to Make Small Talk in Russian
• Making small talk in Russian is just the same as in English. Touch on familiar topics like jobs, sports, children — just say it in Russian! Small talk describes the brief conversations that you have with [more…]



• How to Make the Most of Your Second and Third Years of Law School
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• How to Make Vocabulary Word Flash Cards
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• How to Measure Angles with Radians
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• How to Modify the Display on Your TI-Nspire
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• How to Multiply and Divide Fractions in Algebra
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• How to Multiply and Divide Positive and Negative Numbers
• Multiplying and dividing positive and negative numbers is a simple operation with two numbers. With three or more, it is also straightforward, but you use the Even-Odd Rule. [more…]



• How to Multiply Binomials Using the FOIL Method
• The FOIL method lets you multiply two binomials in a particular order. You don't have to multiply binomials by following the FOIL order, but it does make the process easier. The letters in FOIL refer to [more…]



• How to Multiply Exponents
• You can multiply many exponential expressions together without having to change their form into the big or small numbers they represent. When multiplying exponents, the only requirement is that the bases [more…]



• How to Multiply Three Mixed Numbers
• Multiplying mixed numbers is quite similar to multiplying simple fractions. Sometimes, you may need to multiply three or more mixed numbers together, for example, when applying one discount after another [more…]



• How to Multiply Two Mixed Numbers
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• How to Multiply Variables
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• How to Name Binary Covalent Compounds
• Binary covalent compounds are compounds made up of only two elements, such as carbon dioxide. Prefixes are used in the names of binary compounds to indicate the number of atoms of each nonmetal present [more…]



• How to Order Food in Arabic
• Knowing how to order food in Arabic is essential, whether you're on a short visit to the Middle East or planning to live there. Put some some basic Arabic restaurant [more…]



• How to Order Food in Chinese
• Whether you're on a short visit to a Chinese-speaking country or planning to live there, knowing how to order food in Chinese is essential. Fortunately, food in China is fantastic and inexpensive. There’s [more…]



• How to Order Food in French
• Knowing how to order food in French is essential, whether you're on a short visit to a French-speaking country or planning to live there. Eating out at French restaurants and cafes can be a lot of fun, [more…]



• How to Order Food in German
• Whether you're on a short visit to a German-speaking country or planning to live there, knowing how to order food in German is essential. Eating out can be a lot of fun, especially if you know some basic [more…]



• How to Order Food in Italian
• Whether you're on a short visit to an Italian-speaking country or planning to live there, knowing how to order food in Italian is essential. Eating out can be a lot of fun, especially if you know some [more…]



• How to Order Food in Japanese
• Whether you're on a short visit to a Japanese-speaking country or planning to live there, knowing how to order food in Japanese is essential. Knowing some basic restaurant [more…]



• How to Order Food in Russian
• Russians are famous for their bountiful cuisine. Whether you're on a short visit or planning to live there, knowing how to talk about Russian food is essential. Eating out at Russian restaurants and cafes [more…]



• How to Perform Distribution in Algebra
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• Physics -- Do the Wave
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• Physics -- Drawing Electric Field Lines
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• Physics -- Good Vibrations
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• Physics -- Newton's Laws of Motion
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• Physics -- Reflecting on Reflections
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• Physics Constants
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• Physics Constants
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• Physics For Dummies Cheat Sheet
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• Physics Workbook For Dummies Cheat Sheet
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• SPSS Syntax Language Predefined Variables
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• SPSS Syntax Language Statements
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• SPSS Syntax Language Variable Definitions
• In Syntax, you can define several different characteristics for each of your variables. Here is the full collection of possibilities among SPSS Syntax language variables: [more…]



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• TI-83 Plus Graphing Calculator For Dummies Cheat Sheet
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• TI-83 Plus Graphing Calculator: Math Functions and Constants
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• Disputed areas may be the greatest threat to stability in the Middle East and the world. Disputed areas are, well . . . disputed because, in order to secure peace in the here and now, warring parties decided [more…]



• Understanding the Id, Ego, and Superego in Psychology
• Sigmund Freud would have been a great Hollywood screenwriter. His "story" of personality is one of desire, power, control, and freedom. The plot is complex and the characters compete. Our personalities [more…]



• Understanding the Interaction between Nouns and Adjectives in Arabic
• Nouns and adjectives go hand in hand, and in Arabic you can manipulate nouns and adjectives to create little phrases. Unlike in the English language, nouns in Arabic always come before the adjective. [more…]



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• The core members of any publishing acquisition team are made up of two very different types: The creative, editorial types and the more financially driven sales and marketing types. Generally speaking, [more…]



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• Most Spanish verbs are predictable, especially in the present tense, which makes them fairly easy to master. The regular Spanish verbs come in three flavors — [more…]



• Understanding the Psychology of Self-Consciousness
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• Understanding the Role of Polls in Politics
• Most campaigns for high-profile offices employ professional pollsters. Many of the prominent polling firms that specialize in political campaigns are located in Washington, D.C., and New York City, but [more…]



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• The subject of a poem is the idea or thing that the poem concerns or represents. Looking for the poem's subject is natural. Almost all poetry has messages to deliver — lots of them, profound and diverse [more…]



• Understanding the Tone of a Poem
• The tone of a poem is the attitude you feel in it — the writer's attitude toward the subject or audience. The tone in a poem of praise is approval. In a satire, you feel irony. In an antiwar poem, you [more…]



• Understanding the Transmission of Nerve Impulses
• Nerve impulses have a domino effect. Each neuron receives an impulse and must pass it on to the next neuron and make sure the correct impulse continues on its path. Through a chain of chemical events, [more…]



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• Understanding the Weather's Water Cycle
• Precipitation, the liquid and solid water particles that fall from the sky, is part of a large and truly amazing cycle of water. It passes from the bottoms of the seas to the tops of the mountains, from [more…]



• Understanding Tolkien as a Linguist
• Dictionaries define a linguist as a person who is accomplished in languages, especially someone who speaks several languages. By this definition, Tolkien was a consummate linguist, having learned more [more…]



• Understanding When to Use the Spanish Pluperfect Subjunctive
• Because Spanish uses the pluperfect subjunctive more than English does, you may wonder just when you’re supposed to use it instead of other verb tenses. Keep reading for an explanation of when to use the [more…]



• Understanding Your Audience: The College Admissions Officers
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• Unlocking the Secrets of Symbolism in Nostradamus's Writings
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• The Unusual Properties of Water Molecules
• Water molecules have unusual chemical and physical properties. Water can exist in all three states of matter at the same time: liquid, gas, and solid.
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• Useful Acronyms for Patents, Copyrights, and Trademarks
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• Useful Conversions and Metric Prefixes for Studying Chemistry
• Studying chemistry often requires you to make measurement conversions. If you know metric equivalents and prefixes, then converting numbers is easier. Make your chemistry studies less painful with these [more…]



• Useful Expressions in French
• Speaking in French when you greet or say goodbye to someone is appreciated by the locals, as well as being polite, even if it’s just using a few words. Practice your pronunciation of these helpful expressions [more…]



• Useful Questions in French
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• Useful Spanish Words and Phrases for Airport Travel
• Navigating an airport in Spanish is a lot easier when you know some of the common Spanish words and phrases you may encounter. International airport travel will be a breeze after you master these words [more…]



• Useful Spanish Words and Phrases for Train Travel
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• Ushering in Racial Freedom in the U.S.
• While the civil rights movement began in the 1950s, it reached full steam in the 1960s, marked by several new tactics that proved effective in breaking down discrimination. [more…]



• Using Algebra to Find the Sums of Sequences
• Algebra can help you add a series of numbers (the sum of sequences) more quickly than you would be able to with straight addition. Adding integers, squares, cubes, and terms in an arithmetic or geometric [more…]



• Using Apostrophes to Show Possession
• Apostrophes are those little curved marks you see hanging from certain letters. They look harmless enough, so why do even well educated people throw them where they don't belong and leave them out where [more…]



• Using Basic Math for Tipping
• These basic tipping rules apply to meals in the $20 to $100 price range, which covers almost 90 percent of restaurant meals for two in the U.S. Apply these simple math rules to your check total: [more…]



• Using Dónde and Estar to Ask for Directions in Spanish
• The Spanish verb estar(ehs-tahr), which means to be (in a temporary state), has a special relationship with the question ¿dónde?(dohn-deh), which asks where. This relationship exists because looking for [more…]



• Using Demonstrative Adjectives in Spanish Sentences
• Dropping demonstrative adjectives into your Spanish vocabulary will help you express exactly what or whom you’re seeking. But first, you need to understand what demonstrative adjectives stand for and how [more…]



• Using Em Dashes and En Dashes Properly
• Although they are each a simple horizontal line, hyphens and the various dashes have their own appearances and specific uses. The shortest and most common is the hyphen, which is used for clarifying open [more…]



• Using Everyday Math in Everyday Life
• Whether you’re dealing with your everyday finances, or getting together for a neighborhood card game, you need to know basic math to help you simplify and stay on top of your money matters. [more…]



• Using Exponents to Simplify Equations
• An exponent is a small, superscripted number written above and to the right of a larger number, the base — this tells you how many times you multiply the base by itself. This repeated multiplication is [more…]



• Using Probability When Hitting the Slot Machines
• Remember the movie National Lampoon's Vegas Vacation, when gambling fever consumes Chevy Chase's character, Clark W. Griswold? He goes on a losing streak to beat all losing streaks while his son, Rusty [more…]



• Using Reflexive Spanish Verbs
• Some Spanish verbs are reflexive, meaning they reflect the action back onto the doer. These reflexive verbs require a reflexive pronoun to indicate that the subject is also the direct object. Whenever [more…]



• Using Spanish Indirect Object Pronouns
• Indirect object pronouns can help your Spanish sound more conversational and free flowing. They answer the question “To or for whom is the subject doing something?” So how can you weave indirect object [more…]



• Using Technology to Make Solar Cells Affordable
• When light hits a solar cell, an electric current is generated. When you punch numbers into a calculator without inserting a battery or plugging it into the wall, you're taking advantage of solar cells [more…]



• Using the Four Definite Articles of Spanish
• In the number-of-definite-articles game, the Spanish language trumps the English language four to one. What’s more is that the four forms of the Spanish [more…]



• Using the Gender-Free Spanish Article Lo
• The Spanish article lo (loh) is neuter, meaning it has no gender. So you don’t want to use it to indicate the gender of a subject as you would with its definite and indefinite article counterparts. Here’s [more…]



• Using the Preterit Verb Tense in Spanish
• The preterit tense in Spanish enables you to put the past behind you. This verb tense describes a completed past action — something that happened yesterday, last night, last week, last year, or at some [more…]



• Using the Spanish Preposition Hasta Correctly
• The Spanish preposition hasta(ahs-tah) can mean either until or to, depending on the context of a sentence. Although still considered a common Spanish preposition, [more…]



• Using the Spanish Subjunctive with Adverbs and Adjectival Clauses
• Though the Spanish subjunctive mood expresses doubt, voices impersonal opinions, and sets up conditional actions, that’s not all it’s good for. You also use the subjunctive with some adjectival clauses [more…]



• Using Travelers’ Checks in Spanish-Speaking Countries
• Travelers’ checks are a safe way to carry your money. One inconvenience of using travelers' checks in Spanish-speaking countries is that you need to find the right place to cash them. Banks do, and many [more…]



• Verb Tense Tips in English Grammar
• Besides showing the action or state of being in the sentence, the verb also indicates the time the action or “being” took place. By learning about the different kinds of simple, perfect, past, and present [more…]



• The Vietnam War Opposition in America Finds Meaning
• Had the Vietnam conflict in 1964 been a brushfire, the war in 1967, by comparison, was a raging inferno. The United States had committed more than 365,000 troops to Vietnam by the beginning of 1967, and [more…]



• Viewing the Moon's Geology
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• Viewing the Vietnam War in Three Ways
• The Vietnam War is one of the most controversial and traumatic events in American history. In the 21st century, Americans still bitterly argue about the war. For instance, in the 2004 presidential election [more…]



• Visiting the Homeland with Pope John Paul II
• The year 1979 was the 900th anniversary of the martyrdom of St. Stanislaus, and Pope John Paul II made it clear that he had every intention of returning to his native Poland [more…]



• Vocabulary For Dummies Cheat Sheet
• If you use word games and flashcards, improving your vocabulary can be not only fun but key to increasing your general knowledge. Knowing the parts of speech and the meanings of prefixes and suffixes can [more…]



• Vocabulary Tip: Prefixes that Mean "Not"
• Expanding your vocabulary is made a little easier with tips that help you understand the meaning of new words. A prefix can often offer a clue to a word’s meaning, and in the case of the prefixes in the [more…]



• Vocabulary Tips for the ASVAB
• The Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) has a Word Knowledge subtest, which quizzes you on vocabulary, or word meanings. Vocabulary questions may also appear in the Paragraph Comprehension [more…]



• Waking Up to the Enlightenment
• In "Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy," an essay included in his 1687 book Principia, Newton wrote:
• We are to admit no more causes of natural things than such as are both true and sufficient to explain their [more…]



• A War with Words: The Role of Conflict in Literature
• Conflict is essential to fiction, and so even a short passage for the AP English Literature exam generally depicts at least one instance of unrest. A character's approach to the conflict, as well as its [more…]



• Wave Functions for Quantum Harmonic Oscillators
• Submicroscopic harmonic oscillators are popular quantum physics problems because harmonic oscillators are relatively simple systems — the force that keeps a particle bound here is proportional to the distance [more…]



• Ways to Develop and Improve Your Creative Writing
• Here are some top tips for developing your creative writing. No writing is ever a finished product – there are always ways to improve and refine your style. [more…]



• Weathering Iraq's Stormy Romance with the West
• With some imagination, you may view Jordan as a success story of European meddling. During World War I, the British instigated the Arab Hashemite Bedouin clan of the Arabian Peninsula to revolt and throw [more…]



• Web Sites for Building Your Vocabulary
• A fun way to build your vocabulary is to visit Web sites that offer word games and word challenges. The following Web sites offer games and lots of links to a variety of word games from hangman and crossword [more…]



• Weighing One Semester or Two When Studying Abroad
• With the notable exception of universities that do not follow a semester schedule, most study abroad programs offer you a choice of studying away during the fall or spring semesters or a full [more…]



• What Are Acids, Bases, and pH All About, Anyway?
• When studying biology, you must grasp how reactions can form acids or bases, as well as what effect that has on pH. A basic understanding of chemistry is important in biology, because living things are [more…]



• What Are Blood Group Antigens All About?
• Blood group antigens are carbohydrates that are attached to proteins or lipids. An antigen is a substance foreign to the body that causes an immune response. An [more…]



• What Are Stem Cells?
• You’ve probably heard about stem cells in the news and may wonder exactly what that scientific term means. Stem cells are the body’s master cells. Stem cells can renew themselves [more…]



• What Are the Components of Human Blood?
• Blood is the fluid that sustains life. The components of blood include red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Some blood cells carry oxygen [more…]



• What Are the Different Types of Energy?
• Energy can take several forms — such as heat energy, light energy, electrical energy, and mechanical energy. But two general types of energy are especially important to chemists: kinetic energy and potential [more…]



• What Are the Effects of Radiation and Radon?
• Radiation can destroy tissue and ionize and fragment cells. Radon is a radioactive isotope that has been linked to increased instances of lung cancer. Radon-222 is formed naturally as part of the decay [more…]



• What Causes Heart Disease?
• Heart disease is the most common cause of death in the U.S. Maybe that’s because there are so many facets of heart disease. The heart and its accompanying circulatory system can be injured or damaged — [more…]



• What Chemists Do and Where They Work
• Most chemists operate in two worlds of work. One is the macroscopic world that you see, feel, and touch. Chemists also operate in the microscopic world that you can’t directly see, feel, or touch. [more…]



• What Factors Affect the Speed of Chemical Reactions?
• Kinetics is the study of the speed of a chemical reaction. Some chemical reactions are fast; others are slow. Sometimes chemists want to speed the slow ones up and slow the fast ones down. [more…]



• What Freemasons Do at the Lodge
• Freemasons hold their Masonic meetings at a lodge. Lodge meetings happen at regular intervals throughout the year, and they may be conducted for special occasions. [more…]



• What Is a Freemason Lodge?
• The word lodge really has two meanings to a Freemason. It is both a place where Masonic meetings are held, and a collective term for the members who meet there. So, as weird as it sounds, you could say [more…]



• What Is Conspiracism?
• In the past two centuries, and particularly in the last 50 years or so, people the world over have embraced conspiracism. When we refer to a conspiracy, [more…]



• What Is the Role of Nucleic Acids in Living Things?
• Nucleic acids are large molecules that carry tons of small details: all the genetic information. Nucleic acids are found in every living thing — plants, animals, bacteria, viruses, fungi — that uses and [more…]



• What Is the Subjunctive Mood?
• In any language (Spanish or otherwise), the subjunctive isn’t a tense, which tells when an action took place: present, past, or future. Rather, the subjunctive is a [more…]



• What It Means to Be an American Indian (Legally Speaking)
• The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) came into existence on March 11, 1824, but was then known as the Office of Indian Affairs. The general purpose of the BIA is to manage Indian affairs throughout the United [more…]



• What to Ask Before Driving in a Spanish-Speaking Nation
• If you're vacationing in a Spanish-speaking country and decide to rent a car, you may want to ask, in Spanish, a few questions about driving conditions. It can save you much time and frustration. Save [more…]



• What to Do if You Witness a Crime
• Part of forensics is gathering reports from eyewitnesses, and who knows, you may be an eyewitness to a crime. You could be going to the store or a movie, dropping the kids off at school, or sitting at [more…]



• What to Do in a Psychological Crisis
• Whether you know a lot or not very much about psychology, it’s useful to have some basic ideas of how to help when someone is in a state of panic or extremely angry about something. No matter what your [more…]



• What to Expect at a Poetry Slam
• Poetry slams are a form of poetry reading that are not for the faint of heart. Poetry slams are, most commonly, competitive readings at which audience reaction, or the reaction of a panel of judges, decides [more…]



• What to Expect at a Traditional Spanish Market
• Shopping at a traditional Spanish market is a true cultural experience. Spanish markets offer some wonderful bargains (but be prepared to barter) and a unique shopping environment. So, [more…]



• What's the Basic Structure of Nerves?
• The nervous system sends messages from nerve endings to the brain and from the brain to cells, tissues, and organs. Cells of the nervous system sometimes secrete chemical messengers instead of neurotransmitters [more…]



• When Everything Counts: Using Spanish Numbers
• After you know the Spanish numbers, you can sound like a native Spanish speaker by paying attention to the nuances of pronouncing and writing the numbers. Here are the rules to remember when using cardinal [more…]



• When Superlatives Fail: Exaggerating in Spanish
• Spanish speakers love to exaggerate. What to non-Spanish speakers may seem an excessive way to talk to the Spanish-speaking mind simply adds a bit more emphasis. Not only can you compare things, but you [more…]



• When to Distribute or Add First in Algebraic Distribution
• When performing algebraic distribution, you get the same answer whether you distribute first or add what’s within the parentheses first. Deciding to distribute or add is a judgment call, based on the following [more…]



• When to Take the NCLEX-RN Exam
• How soon after graduation you take the NCLEX-RN exam is up to you, with some caveats. Some eager-beaver types want to take the test 14 minutes after graduation, while others are still dragging their feet [more…]



• When to Use the Spanish Pluperfect and Preterit Perfect Tenses
• The pluperfect and preterit tenses in Spanish have identical translations in English. Go figure! So what’s the difference between the pluperfect and preterit tenses? The differences center less on conceptual [more…]



• Where to Find Science Research Information
• Scientists publish their research information. They must circulate their scientific work, flaws and all, for other scientists to see. Other scientists may be working on similar projects and could benefit [more…]



• Who Gets Free Money for College?
• Free money gets awarded to the students who are most attractive to people awarding the money. "Attractive" in this case doesn't mean the ability to win a beauty contest, so exposing yourself in a bikini [more…]



• Who Signed the U.S. Constitution?
• The 38 signers of the U.S. Constitution were delegates from the original states who gathered several times and in several places, first drafting the Declaration of Independence, and then, after the colonists [more…]



• Whose Side Is the Media On in Politics?
• When you're trying to figure out what's going on and which candidate to support, you may wonder whether the media reporting on candidates and issues is reliable. Does the media choose sides in elections [more…]



• Why Are Valence Electrons Important?
• Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom — in the energy level that is farthest away from the nucleus. When chemists study chemical reactions, they study the transfer [more…]



• Why You Should (Almost) Never Cancel Your GMAT Score
• Immediately after you conclude the GMAT exam and before the computer displays your scores, you're given the option of canceling your scores. You may see this as a blessing if you've had a rough day at [more…]



• Why You Should Read Poems Aloud
• When you read poetry aloud, read it as though you were delivering the poem to an attentive audience. Why? Here are the three most important reasons you should read poetry aloud: [more…]



• Why You Want Nanotechnology in Your Life
• Nanotechnology will increase your standard of living — no ifs, ands, or buts. Done right, it will make our lives more secure, improve healthcare delivery, and optimize our use of limited resources. Pretty [more…]



• Why Young Men Join the Freemasons
• Freemasonry has been shrinking for a while, and lodges have been panicking. The Baby Boomers just didn’t join. But young men now are starting to rediscover Freemasonry. This new generation of Masons wants [more…]



• Wishing about the Past with the Spanish Pluperfect Subjunctive
• Spanish uses the pluperfect subjunctive more than English does. If you’ve ever hoped or expected that something had happened, you probably hoped or expected in this verb tense and probably didn’t even [more…]



• Wising Up to Weather Words
• You hear these words all the time on your local weather forecast: highs and lows and temperatures and pressures and wind chills and humidities and chances of showers and wind speeds and directions. But [more…]



• Women's Groups Related to the Freemasons
• One of the unshakable tenets of regular, recognized Freemasonry is that it's an organization for men only. Beginning in the mid-1800s, several groups for women related to Freemasons were created, with [more…]



• Working with Negative Exponents
• Negative exponents are a way of writing powers of fractions or decimals without using a fraction or decimal. You use negative exponents as a way to combine expressions with the same base, whether the different [more…]



• Working with Verbs in Arabic
• You'll be very pleased to know that verb tenses in Arabic, when compared to other languages, are fairly straightforward. Basically, you only need to be concerned with two proper verb forms: the past and [more…]



• World Events of Nostradamus's Day
• Nostradamus led a somewhat normal life — he studied and traveled, married and fathered two children, then saw his wife and children fall victim to the plague. He continued to travel and study; remarried [more…]



• World History For Dummies Cheat Sheet
• Trying to grasp the history of the world may seem more than a bit daunting — all those names! all those dates! That’s when a timeline with the most significant names and dates included comes in really [more…]



• World War II Comes to America: Pearl Harbor
• Japan's ambassadors delivered the first part of a final Japanese diplomatic note to U.S. Secretary of State Cordell Hull on December 6, 1941. On the morning of December 7, the final portion of the note [more…]



• Writing a Great Query Letter for Getting Your Book Published
• One of the steps to getting your book published is to write and send query letters to try to get a literary agent or an editor at a publishing house interested enough in your book to sign you as a client [more…]



• Writing a Novel and Getting Published For Dummies Cheat Sheet
• Novel writing is a most rewarding but challenging experience (even for seasoned authors). Keep this checklist by your side as you finish off your writing and start to approach publishers. [more…]



• Writing a Sonnet
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• Writing Act I of Your Screenplay
• Every act in the three-act structure has a set of tasks to accomplish. The first act serves as your audience's introduction to the entire world of the script — people, places, time frame, and all. Remember [more…]



• Writing an Essay for a Study Abroad Program
• If your university abroad requires you to write a personal essay or statement for your application (some don't!), doing so isn't as big a deal as those essays you wrote for admission to college — unless [more…]



• Writing Children’s Books For Dummies Cheat Sheet
• As you explore writing children’s books, you enter a different world, one filled with book formats — from board books to young adult novels — and a whole different set of rules to follow and restrictions [more…]



• Writing Fiction For Dummies Cheat Sheet
• Writing fiction is fun, and also full of challenges. A good way to work through the challenges is to outline the histories of your characters, which helps you present them more clearly to readers. Another [more…]



• Writing in French with Masculine and Feminine Nouns
• A basic, singular noun refers to just one of something: a book, the cheese, my house. In English, that's about all there is to know about singular nouns. French, however, adds a little more to it: Every [more…]



• Writing Information in an LSAT Logic Game Board
• To solve logic games in the Analytical Reasoning section of the LSAT, you need to set up a game board, which offers a way to quickly write down all the information in the problem for easy reference. The [more…]



• Writing Poetry
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• Writing Your First Draft
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• Your Body’s Systems
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• Your Civil Rights and the Law: Looking at the Patriot Act
• Since the tragedies of September 11, 2001, the privacy of every American citizen is in greater jeopardy than ever. The reason for this vulnerability is that, in a rush to prevent future acts of terrorism [more…]



• Youth Groups Affiliated with Freemasonry
• Freemasons encourage young people to become involved in their rituals. Over the years Freemasons have started several groups for young people. You need to have a Masonic connection to join the Order of [more…]



• Zoom Functions on the TI-83 Plus Graphing Calculator
• Z is for zoom, on a TI-83 Plus graphing calculator. In addition to helping you design a graph, your TI-83 Plus calculator can zoom into a section and redraw a graph to meet different criteria. Discover [more…]

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