Etymologie, Étymologie, Etymology
UK Vereinigtes Königreich (Großbritannien u. Nordirland), Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Mathematik, Mathématiques, Mathematics
A
aol - Mathematic Words - Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics
(E1)(L1) http://members.aol.com/jeff570/mathword.html
Die Sammlung der mathematischen Begriffe und die Erklärungen ihres Entstehens sind wirklich umfangreich.
B
Boole'sche Operatoren (W3)
Die Bezeichnung "Boole'sche Operatoren" geht zurück auf den englischer Mathematiker und Logiker George Boole (1815-1864). Bei den "Boole'schen Operatoren" handelt es sich um "UND", "AND" / "ODER", "OR" / "NICHT", "NOT" mit denen logische Verknüpfungen zwischen Objekten hergestellt werden.
(E?)(L1) http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/BiogIndex.html
Boole, George (1866*)
C
calculator - Die Steinschleuder, calcul, verkalkulieren, Jemandem Steine in den Weg legen, Kalkül, calculer, calx, kalkulieren, Kalkulator, calculus, calculus of probabilities, wahr (W1)
(E1)(L1) http://agora.qc.ca/mot.nsf/Dossiers/Calcul
(E1)(L1) http://www.reunion.iufm.fr/recherche/irem/histoire/dictionnaire.htm
(E?)(L?) http://eurekaweb.free.fr/ih1-calculatrice_de_poche.htm
(E2)(L2) http://trucsmaths.free.fr/etymologie.htm
(E1)(L1) http://www.westegg.com/etymology/
Wenn es die Menschheit nicht zu mathematischen Höchstleistungen gebracht hätte, wäre aus dem engl. "calculator" vielleicht eine "Steinschleuder" geworden. So aber ist es eine "Rechenmaschine" geworden. Als die Herden der ersten Schafhirten grösser wurden und die Schafe nicht mehr an zwei Händen abzuzählen waren, nahmen sie Steine zu Hilfe. Morgens nahmen sie für jedes Schaf einen "(Kalk-)Stein" (lat. "calx" = "Kalk") und bei der abendlichen Parade warfen Sie pro Schaf wieder einen Stein weg. War ein Stein zu viel, hatten Sie ein Schaf zu wenig. War ein Stein zu wenig, hatten sie sich auch "verkalkuliert" und bekamen womöglich auch Probleme.
Im Laufe der Entwicklung kam man auch auf die Idee, die Steine besonders zu kennzeichnen und Ihnen damit höhere Wertigkeiten zu verleihen. Und so kam es, dass auch die Steine nicht alle gleich, sondern einige gleicher waren. Einige repräsentierten 10 Schafe andere vielleicht sogar 100 Schafe. Dadurch hatte man natürlich auch weniger Steine zu schleppen.
Vor diesem Hintergrund erhält auch die Redewendung "Jemandem Steine in den Weg legen" nochmal eine ganz besondere Bedeutung.
Jedenfalls entwickelte sich die Menschheit weiter und aus den Kalksteinen wurden Rechensteine (lat. "calculus"). Und um Sie nicht immer wieder vom Boden auflesen zu müssen reihte man sie zuerst auf Steinplatten und später dann auf Drahtgestelle und hatte so den ersten Rechenschieber. - Der Abakus war geboren.
Mit dem Aufkommen des Papiers zog man weitere Möglichkeiten der Notation ins "Kalkül" (frz. "calcul", "calculer" von lat. "calculare" = "mit Rechensteinen rechnen, berechnen", "calculus" = "Rechenstein"; "calx" = "Kalk").
Der Stein wurde also zu Papier, auf das man nun die Steinzeichen malte. Und so ging das auch eine ganze Weile gut. Das "Kalkulieren" wurde einfacher, aber auch komplizierter. Was man an der Handhabbarkeit gewann, wurde durch zunehmend komplexer werdende Aufgaben wieder zunichte gemacht. Und da ein Blatt Papier zwar recht leicht ist, ein ganzer Ordner davon aber genauso schwer wie ein Beutel Steine sein kann, sann man schon wieder nach Alternativen.
Und da kamen die Erkenntnisse der Elektrizität und des Magnetismus gerade recht. Wozu sollte man sich weiter mit Steinen und Papier plagen, wenn es doch die vielen winzig kleinen Elektronen gab.
Gesagt getan - man entwickelte einen "Kalkulator" (engl. "calculator") mit Drähten und Magentspeichern. Und nun schaufelte man alles in diese Blechkisten - und siehe da auch diese hatten ein gutes Gewicht, um all die Elektronen auf den richtigen Platz zu setzen. Aber da die Menschheit ja selbst das Wetter "kalkulierbar" machen möchte reduzierte man die Dicke und die Länge der Drähte, verkleinerte die Chips und die Transistoren und packte schliesslich ein ganzes Rechenzentrum in einen tragbaren Laptop. - Und da stehen wir ungefähr heute.
Aber auch das wird nicht der letzte Stand der Dinge bleiben. Es gibt ja heute bereits Laborversuche, um biologische Computer (auch Gehirne genannt) ganz eng mit den Eisengehirnen (Computer genannt) zu verbinden.
Und irgendwann hat vielleicht auch der engl. "calculator" den Weg von der anorganischen zur organischen Lebensweise geschafft.
Nach diesem Schnelldurchgang durch die Geschichte der Rechenmaschinen kommen wir nochmal auf den etymologischen Aspekt der Geschichte zurück. Dass der "Kalkulator" seine Existenz den "Kalksteinen" zu verdanken hat wissen zumindest noch die Mediziner. Bei diesen heissen die Blasen-, Gallen- und Nieren-Steine heute noch "calculus" (Plural: "calculi").
Schön finde ich übrigens auch engl. "calculus of probabilities" = "Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung" - eine Verbindung der handfesten Materie mit einer diffusen Vermutung. Dass man dieser Verbindung nicht wirklich vertrauen kann (ahd. "war" = "vertrauenswert") zeigt schon das geflügelte Wort "Trau keiner Statistik, die du nicht selbst gefälscht hast".
(E?)(L?) http://www.calculator.com/
calculate anything anywhere...
online, pocket, pc, pda, wap and cellphone calculators
conjunction, conjunctive (W3)
(E?)(L?) http://members.aol.com/jeff570/c.html
(E?)(L?) http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/stoicism/
Die "Konjunktion", die logische "UND-Verknüpfung" wurde bereits von den Stoikern diskutiert. Die englischen Begriffe "conjunction" und "conjunctive" werden vom "OED" mit 1848 angegeben.
D
De Morgan's Laws, Morgansche Gesetze (W3)
(E?)(L?) http://members.aol.com/jeff570/d.html
(E?)(L?) http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ockham/
(E?)(L?) http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Mathematicians/De_Morgan.html
(E?)(L?) http://www.univie.ac.at/future.media/mo/mathint/mengen/i.html#Menge
Die "Morganschen Gesetze" drücken Regeln der Mengenlehre bzgl. Schnit- und Vereinigungsmengen aus.
Diese Regeln tragen den Namen des "Wieder-Entdeckers "Augustus de Morgan" (1806-1871).
disjunction, Disjunktion (W3)
(E?)(L?) http://members.aol.com/jeff570/d.html
(E?)(L?) http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/stoicism/
(E?)(L?) http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Chrysippus.html
Die "Disjunktion" bezeichnet das "einschliessende ODER". Bereits der Stoiker "Chrysippus of Soli" (280 BC - 206 BC) und seine Nachfolger diskutierten diese logische Beziehung.
Im Englischen ist dieser Begriff seit dem 16.Jh. für öffentlich zugängliche Werke nachgewiesen. (Die Fachleute schrieben noch lateinisch.) Im "OED" ist als Referenz "The Lawiers Logike, exemplifying the Praecepts of Logike by the Practise of the Common Lawe" von "Abraham Fraunce" (1588) und "A Defence of the Godlie Ministers" von "Dudley Fenner" (1587), aufgeführt.
E
eevl
(E?)(L1) http://www.eevl.ac.uk/
EEVL is the Internet Guide to Engineering, Mathematics and Computing. EEVL's mission is to provide access to quality networked engineering, mathematics and computing resources, and be the national focal point for online access to information in these subjects. It is an award-winning free service, created and run by a team of information specialists from a number of universities and institutions in the UK.
EEVL's target audience is students, staff and researchers in higher and further education, as well as anyone else working, studying or looking for information in Engineering, Mathematics and Computing.
F
G
H
I
J
jeff570 - Earliest Uses of Symbols of Operation
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION SYMBOLS
(E?)(L?) http://members.aol.com/jeff570/operation.html
K
L
logic, Logik, Boolesche Algebra, Formal logic, Symbolic logic, Mathematical logic, logische Symbole (W3)
Das griech "logikê" bedeutete etwa "Wissenschaft des Denkens", "vernünftiges Denken" (griech. "lógos" = "Rede", "Wort", "Vernunft"). Es wurde von den Stoikern benutzt und umfasste viele philosophische Bereiche (die heute nicht mehr zur Logik gezählt werden).
Das Wort "Logik", "logic" erhielt seine moderne Bedeutung im 3.Jh. in den Kommentaren des "Alexander von Aphrodisias" zu den Werken des Aristoteles (384-322 v.u.Z.). Die logischen Schriften des Aristoteles dienten seinen Schülern als Hilfsmittel zur Wahrheitserkenntnis und wurde unter dem Begriff "Organon" zusammengefasst.
Im Mittelalter war "Logik" eine der drei Wissenschaften des "Trivium", neben "Rhetorik" und "Grammatik".
Das weiterführende "Quadrium" umfasste die Wissenschaften "Arithmetik", "Geometrie", "Astronomie" und "Musik".
Das "OED" weist als ersten Nachweis des Wortes "logic" auf "Chaucer’s: Canterbury Tales" im Jahr 1362 hin.
Die moderne Logik wird von Augustus de Morgan (1806-1871) und "George Boole" (1815-1864) eingeläutet.
Nach Boole ist z.B. auch die "Boolesche Algebra" benannt.
Diese beiden Begriffe wurden von "De Morgan (1847) und J. Venn (1881) als Buchtitel benutzt. Der italienischer Mathematiker "Giuseppe Peano" benutzte den Ausdruck "Mathematical logic" zur bezeichnung dieser "neuen" Wissenschaft, bzw. zur Unterscheidung des "Logik"-Begriffs von der traditionellen Logik.
Von anderen Autoren wurden im 19.Jh. die Bezeichnungen "Deductive logic" und "Inductive logic" benutzt. Die bezeichnung "Informal logic" kam erst in den 1970er Jahren durch "Leo Groarke" auf.
Eine Übersicht mathematischer Symbole inklusive der logischen Symbole und ihres ersten Auftretens findet man auf der Seite "Earliest Uses of Symbols of Set Theory and Logic" von "Jeff Miller".
(E?)(L?) http://members.aol.com/jeff570/l.html
(E?)(L?) http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/alexander-aphrodisias/
(E?)(L?) http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Aristotle.html
(E?)(L?) http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-logic/
(E?)(L1) http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Glossary/
Boolean algebra
(E?)(L?) http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Mathematicians/De_Morgan.html
(E?)(L?) http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Mathematicians/Boole.html
(E?)(L?) http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logic-informal/
(E?)(L?) http://www.economics.soton.ac.uk/staff/aldrich/logic.htm
(E?)(L?) http://members.aol.com/jeff570/set.html
M
mathematic, mathematics, munter (W3)
Das singuläre engl. "mathematic" gibt es seit etwa 1380. Im 17 Jh. machte man es zum Plural "mathematics". Es geht zurück auf lat. "mathematica", griech. "mathematike tekhne" = "mathematical science", griech. "mathematikos" = "relating to mathematics", "scientific", griech. "mathema" = "science", "knowledge", "mathematical knowledge", griech. "manthanein" = "to learn".
Das postulierte ide. "*mn-", "*men-", "*mon-" = "to think" = "denken", "have one's mind aroused" brachte auch griech. "menthere" = "to care" = "sorgen", lith. "mandras" = "wide-awake", O.C.S. "madru" = "wise", "sage" = "klug", "weise", Goth. "mundonsis" = "to look at" dt. "munter" = "awake", "lively" hervor.
Mathematics (pl.) originally denoted the mathematical sciences collectively, including geometry, astronomy, optics. Math is the Amer.Eng. shortening, attested from 1890; the British preference, maths is attested from 1911.
(E?)(L?) http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=mathematic
(E?)(L?) http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=mathematic
(E?)(L?) http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=mathematic
(E?)(L?) http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/mathematics
N
O
P
Pivot-Tabelle, pivot, pivotal (W3)
Ich denke hier liegt das engl. "pivot" = "Drehpunkt", "Angelpunkt" zu Grunde.
Die Frage ist nur, wieso heißt diese Art von Tabelle "Pivot-Tabelle", also "Drehtabelle"?
Zur eindeutigen Beantwortung kenne ich diese Funktion zu wenig, aber es handelt sich auf jeden Fall um eine Tabellenfunktion, die es erlaubt, die Daten unter verschiedenen Ordnungskriterien, bzw. Gesichtspunkten zu betrachten. Und dieser interaktive Wechsel der Darstellung dürfte der Grund für die Benennung der Tabelle als "Pivot-Tabelle" gewesen sein.
Und nun noch zur Frage woher "pivot" kommt.
(E2)(L1) http://www.bartleby.com/61/98/P0339800.html
Dazu findet man im Lexikon von Bartleby
- 1. A short rod or shaft on which a related part rotates or swings.
- 2. A person or thing on which something depends or turns; the central or crucial factor.
- 3. The act of turning on or as if on a pivot.
- 4. Basketball a. A position taken by an offensive player usually facing away from the basket near the foul line to relay passes, attempt a shot, or set screens. b. The stationary foot around which the ball handler is allowed to pivot without dribbling.
Als Hinweis zur Etymologie findet man allerdings nur den Verweis auf die Herkunft aus dem Altfranzösichen.
(E1)(L1) http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=pivot
Auch im empfehlenswerten englischen "Etymology online Dictionary" findet man außer ein paar Jahresangaben nur den Hinweis, dass die Herkunft ungesichert ist.
1611, from Fr., from O.Fr. "pivot" = "hinge", "pivot" (12c.), of uncertain origin. The verb is 1841, from the noun. Fig. sense of "central point" is recorded from 1813; "pivotal" in this sense is from 1844.
(E2)(L1) http://www.bartleby.com/61/99/P0339900.html
Ein Abkömmling ist auch "pivotal":
- 1. Of, relating to, or serving as a pivot.
- 2. Being of vital or central importance; crucial: "Its pivotal location has also exposed it to periodic invasions" (Henry A. Kissinger).
(E1)(L1) http://www.nytimes.com/learning/students/wordofday/20020913.html
- 1: of, relating to, or functioning as a pivot (a shaft or pin on which something turns)
- 2: extremely important : CRUCIAL
The word "pivotal" has appeared in 475 "Times articles" over the past year, most recently in "Bush Finds a Friend in Carpenters' Union President" on September 11, 2002.
...
(E3)(L1) http://owad.de/owad-archive-quiz.php4?id=713
"pivotal"
Definition: "very important", "very consequential" = "entscheidend", "lebenswichtig", "Schlüssel-", "Zentral-"
The noun "pivot" is a person, thing, or factor having a major or central role, function, or effect (der "Drehpunkt", der "Drehzapfen", der "Schwenkungspunkt").
So the adjective is used to describe something which is vitally important.
(E?)(L?) http://www.dicofr.com/cgi-bin/n.pl/dicofr/definition/20010101004159
Diese französische Quelle führt die Bedeutung als Umschaltstation in Netzwerken an.
Pivot:
Définition (Anglais: "hub", "hub station")
Station qui assure la coordination d'un groupe de stations ou de sous-réseaux, ainsi que leurs accès éventuels à d'autres réseaux.
(E?)(L?) http://www.reta-vortaro.de/revo/
Ins Esperanto wurde "pivot" in der Form "pivoto" übernommen.
Ekstrema parto de akso, eniganta en truo, kie gi turnigas: "pivoto" de rado en horlogo.
"pivoti": Turnigi cirkau pivoto.
tradukoj (Übersetzungen)
- germanaj - ~o: Zapfen, Drehstift; ~i: pivotieren.
- hungaraj - ~o: tengelycsap, tengelyvég; ~i: forog.
- nederlandaj - ~o: tap, luns; ~i: pivoteren.
- portugalaj - ~o: pivô(eixo).
- rusaj - ~o: ????? ????, ?????.
Als weitere Abkömmlinge findet man:
(E?)(L1) http://glossary.gardenweb.com/glossary/center_pivot_irrigation.html
center pivot irrigation
A method of agricultural irrigation using a long, wheeled arm with many nozzles that pivots about the center of a circle; used primarily in arid regions.
(E6)(L1) http://mathworld.wolfram.com/ChioPivotalCondensation.html
"Chió pivotal condensation" is a method for evaluating an n*n-determinant in terms of (n-1)*(n-1) determinants. It also leads to some remarkable determinant identities (Eves 1996, p. 130). Chió's condensation is carried out on an n*n-matrix A=[a(ij)] with a(ii)=0 by forming the (n-1)*(n-1)-matrix B=[b(ij)] such that ...
(E6)(L1) http://mathworld.wolfram.com/MiquelsPivotTheorem.html
(E?)(L?) http://mathworld.wolfram.com/MiquelsTheorem.html
"Miquel's Pivot Theorem" = "Miquel's Theorem"
Für dieses Theorem mußte wohl ein Mathematiker "A. Miquel" seinen Namen hergeben. Dieser schrieb 1838 ein Werk "Mémoire de Géométrie" Journal de mathématiques pures et appliquées de Liouville 1, 485-487, 1838.
(E2)(L1) http://www.bartleby.com/61/99/P0339950.html
pivot joint (Pivot-Gelenk)
NOUN: A joint in which a bone rotates around another; a joint permitting only rotating movement.
(E6)(L1) http://mathworld.wolfram.com/letters/P.html
Und dann gibt es noch einige spezielle mathematische "Pivot-Begriffe": Pivot Point | Pivot Theorem | Pivotal Condensation | Pivotal Isocubic | Pivotal Isogonal Cubic | Pivotal Isotomic Cubic | Pivoting
(E?)(L?) http://mathworld.wolfram.com/PivotPoint.html
(E?)(L?) http://mathworld.wolfram.com/PivotTheorem.html
(E?)(L?) http://mathworld.wolfram.com/PivotalCondensation.html
(E?)(L?) http://mathworld.wolfram.com/PivotalIsocubic.html
(E?)(L?) http://mathworld.wolfram.com/PivotalIsogonalCubic.html
(E?)(L?) http://mathworld.wolfram.com/PivotalIsotomicCubic.html
(E?)(L?) http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Pivoting.html
Pivoting
The element in the diagonal of a matrix by which other elements are divided in an algorithm such as Gauss-Jordan elimination is called the pivot element. Partial pivoting is the interchanging of rows and full pivoting is the interchanging of both rows and columns in order to place a particularly "good" element in the diagonal position prior to a particular operation.
(E?)(L1) http://www.oed.com/readers/appeal.html
Die Autoren des OED = "Oxford English Dictionary" bitten noch um Mithilfe um das erste Auftreten der folgenden Begriffe zu ermitteln:
- "pivot shears" interdate 1398-2004
- "pivotable" antedate 1899
Da soll einer sagen "pivot" sei kein zentraler Begriff der keine Rolle spielt.
polymath
Dass "Mathematik" für "lernen" schlechthin steht sieht man an dem engl. "polymath" = "Person mit grosser und fundierter Allgemeinbildung", also der "umfassend Gelehrte".
Q
R
Russell's Paradox, Russellsche Antimonie (W3)
(E?)(L?) http://members.aol.com/jeff570/r.html
(E?)(L?) http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/russell/
(E?)(L?) http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Zermelo.html
Benannt nach Bertrand Russell (1872-1970).
S
st-and - University of St Andrews, Schottland
Indexes of Biographies of Mathematicians - Mathematiker-Biographien
Mathematik-Glossar
History of Mathematics
(E?)(L1) http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/BiogIndex.html
Main Index | Full chronology | Biographies index | History Topics | Societies, honours, etc. | Famous curves | Time lines | Birthplace Maps | Search Form | Glossary index | Quotations index | Poster index | Mathematicians of the day | Anniversaries for the year
Indexes of Biographies:
- A
- Abbe, Ernst (602*) | Abbott, Edwin (1456) | Abel, Niels Henrik (2899*) | Abraham bar Hiyya (641) | Abraham, Max (798*) | Abu Kamil Shuja (1012) | Abu Jafar, al_Khazin (1148) | Abu'l-Wafa al-Buzjani (1115) | Ackermann, Wilhelm (205*) | Adams, John Couch (2159*) | Adams, J Frank (1462*) | Adelard of Bath (1008) | Adleman, Leonard (3314*) | Adler, August (114) | Adrain, Robert (1317*) | Adrianus, Romanus (419) | Aepinus, Franz (822*) | Agnesi, Maria (2018*) | Ahlfors, Lars (725*) | Ahmed ibn Yusuf (660) | Ahmes (171) | Aida Yasuaki (696) | Aiken, Howard (665*) | Airy, George (2362*) | Aitken, Alec (1220*) | Ajima, Naonobu (144) | Akhiezer, Naum Il'ich (248*) | al-Baghdadi, Abu (947) | al-Banna, al-Marrakushi (861) | al-Battani, Abu Allah (1333*) | al-Biruni, Abu Arrayhan (3002*) | al-Farisi, Kamal (1102) | al-Haitam, Abu Ali (2490*) | al-Hasib Abu Kamil (1012) | al-Haytham, Abu Ali (2490*) | al-Jawhari, al-Abbas (627) | al-Jayyani, Abu (892) | al-Karaji, Abu (1789) | al-Karkhi (1789) | al-Kashi, Ghiyath (1725*) | al-Khazin, Abu (1148) | al-Khalili, Shams (677) | al-Khayyami, Omar (2140*) | al-Khwarizmi, Abu (2847*) | al-Khujandi, Abu (713) | al-Kindi, Abu (1151) | al-Kuhi, Abu (1146) | al-Maghribi, Muhyi (602) | al-Mahani, Abu (507) | al-Marrakushi, ibn al-Banna (861) | al-Nasawi, Abu (681) | al-Nayrizi, Abu'l (621) | al-Qalasadi, Abu'l (1247) | al-Quhi, Abu (1146) | al-Samarqandi, Shams (202) | al-Samawal, Ibn (1569) | al-Sijzi, Abu (708) | al-Tusi, Nasir (1912*) | al-Tusi, Sharaf (1138) | al-Umawi, Abu (1014) | al-Uqlidisi, Abu'l (1028) | Albanese, Giacomo (282) | Albategnius (al-Battani) (1333*) | Albert, A Adrian (1550*) | Albert of Saxony (121*) | Alberti, Leone (181*) | Albertus Magnus, Saint (109*) | Alcuin of York (591*) | Aldrich, Henry (537) | Aleksandrov, Aleksandr (1174*) | Aleksandrov, Pavel (2175*) | Alembert, Jean d' (2501*) | Alexander, Archie (1089) | Alexander, C Hugh (1260*) | Alexander, James (836*) | Alexandroff, Alexander (1174*) | Alexandroff, Pavel (2175*) | Alhazen (al-Haitam) (2490*) | Allman, George (302) | Ampère, André-Marie (2361*) | Amringe, Howard van (354*) | Amsler, Jacob (660*) | Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (1237*) | Anderson, Oskar (1096*) | Andreev, Konstantin (117) | Angeli, Stephano degli (234) | Anstice, Robert (675) | Anthemius of Tralles (370*) | Antiphon the Sophist (1025) | Antonelli, Kathleen (746*) | Apaczai, János (955*) | Apastamba (383) | Apianus, Petrus (1011*) | Apollonius of Perga (1697*) | Appell, Paul (1377*) | Arago, François (345*) | Arbogast, Louis (1029) | Arbuthnot, John (1270*) | Archimedes of Syracuse (3190*) | Archytas of Tarentum (1366*) | Arf, Cahit (1452*) | Argand, Jean (951) | Arins, Eizens (784*) | Aristaeus the Elder (588) | Aristarchus of Samos (1548*) | Aristotle (3445*) | Arnauld, Antoine (1492*) | Aronhold, Siegfried (234*) | Artin, Emil (2621*) | Aryabhata I (1907) | Aryabhata II (427) | Askey, Richard (884*) | Atiyah, Michael (885*) | Atwood, George (1083*) | Auslander, Maurice (1180*) | Autolycus of Pitane (810) | Avicenna, Abu Ali (1965*)
- B
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(166*) | Burkhardt, Heinrich (213) | Burkill, John (1421*) | Burnside, William (1588*) | Burton Jones, F (999*)
- C
- Caccioppoli, Renato (1455*) | Cajori, Florian (960*) | Calderón, Alberto (879*) | Callippus (651) | Campanus of Novara (171) | Campbell, John (852*) | Camus, Charles (776) | Cannell, Doris (442*) | Cantelli, Francesco (104*) | Cantor, Georg (3100*) | Cantor, Moritz (498*) | Caramuel, Juan (227) | Carathéodory, Constantin (1851*) | Carcavi, Pierre de (439) | Cardano, Girolamo (2818*) | Carleman, Tage (2006*) | Carlitz, Leonard (720*) | Carlson, Fritz (1021*) | Carlyle, Thomas (2257*) | Carnot, Lazare (597*) | Carnot, Sadi (1607*) | Carroll, Lewis ((2839*) | Carslaw, Horatio (581*) | Cartan, Elie (1478*) | Cartan, Henri (2091*) | Cartwright, Dame Mary (1548*) | Casorati, Felice (95*) | Cassels, John (418*) | Cassini, Giovanni Domenico (2116*) | Cassini de Thury, César-F (1624*) | Cassini, Jean-Dominique (1799*) | Cassini, Jacques (1415*) | Castel, Louis (172) | Castelnuovo, Guido (1702*) | Castigliano, Alberto (456*) | Castillon, Johann (162) | Catalan, Eugène (155*) | Cataldi, Pietro (308) | Cauchy, Augustin-Louis (2467*) | Cavalieri, Bonaventura (565*) | Cayley, Arthur (1158*) | Cech, Eduard (1364*) | Cesàro, Ernesto (1069*) | Ceva, Giovanni (296) | Ceva, Tommaso (172*) | Ch'in Chiu-Shao (2006) | Ch'ung Chi Tsu (1392*) | Chandrasekhar, Subrah. (1445*) | Chang Ch'iu-Chin (1000) | Chang, Sun-Yung Alice (620*) | Chaplygin, Sergi (366*) | Chapman, Sydney (1695*) | Chasles, Michel (1204*) | Châtelet, Gabrielle du (3021*) | Chauvenet, William (1295*) | Chebotaryov, Nikolai (409*) | Chebyshev, Pafnuty (3067*) | Cheng Dawei (1257*) | Chern, Shiing-shen (627*) | Chernikov, Sergei (1070*) | Chevalley, Claude (369*) | Chi Tsu Ch'ung (1392*) | Chia Hsien (843) | Chiu-Shao, Ch'in (2006) | Chisholm Young, Grace (1142*) | Chisini, Oscar (729*) | Cholesky, Andre-Louis (1305) | Chongzhi, Zu (1392*) | Chowla, Sarvadaman (819*) | Christoffel, Elwin (1580*) | Chrysippus (831*) | Chrystal, George (2786*) | Chu Shijie (1912) | Chudakov, Nikolai (658) | Chunfeng, Li (917) | Chung, Graham Fan (2026*) | Chuquet, Nicolas (299) | Church, Alonzo (1494*) | Civita, Tullio Levi- (418*) | Clairaut, Alexis (2087*) | Clapeyron, Emile (525*) | Clarke, Samuel (1277*) | Clausen, Thomas (357*) | Clausius, Rudolf (2619*) | Clavius, Christopher (405*) | Clebsch, Alfred (576*) | Cleomedes (1183) | Clifford, William (852*) | Coates, John (741*) | Coble, Arthur (1142*) | Cochran, William (452*) | Cocker, Edward (702*) | Codazzi, Delfino (129) | Cohen, Paul (314*) | Cohn, Paul (1035*) | Cole, Frank (1066*) | Collingwood, Edward (1078*) | Collins, John (921) | Commandino, Frederico (1742*) | Condamine, Charles de La (480*) | Condorcet, Marie Jean (696*) | Connes, Alain (745*) | Conon of Samos (583) | Contractus, Hermann (231) | Conway, Arthur (1203*) | Conway, John H (2006*) | Coolidge, Julian (895*) | Cooper, Lionel (311*) | Copernicus, Nicolaus (3455*) | Copson, Edward (1325*) | Coriolis, Gustave de (805*) | Cosserat, Eugène (278*) | Cotes, Roger (1632*) | Coulomb, Charles de (2025*) | Coulson, Charles (1406*) | Courant, Richard (2064*) | Cournot, Antoine (515*) | Couturat, Louis (130*) | Cox, Gertrude (295*) | Cox, Elbert (1077*) | Coxeter, Donald (722*) | Craig, John (776) | Cramer, Gabriel (1797*) | Cramér, Harald (1077*) | Crank, John (272*) | Crelle, August (1061*) | Cremona, Luigi (1698*) | Crighton, David (1116*) | Crofton, Morgan (1203) | Csere, Apaczai (955*) | Cunha, Anastácio da (902) | Cunningham, Ebenezer (575*) | Curbastro, G Ricci- (1335*) | Curry, Haskell (2073*) | Cusa, Nicholas (267*) | Czuber, Emanuel (508*)
- D
- d'Alembert, Jean (2501*) | D'Arcy Thompson W (479*) | d'Oresme, Nicole (191*) | D'Ovidio, Enrico (414*) | da Vinci, Leonardo (704*) | Dandelin, Germinal (392*) | Danti, Egnatio (1869*) | Dantzig, David van (518*) | Dantzig, George (2280*) | Darboux, Gaston (814*) | Darwin, George (688*) | Dase, Zacharias (125) | Daubechies, Ingrid (1728*) | Davenport, Harold (1572*) | David, Florence (1852*) | Davidov, August (435*) | Davies, Evan Tom (382*) | Dawei, Cheng (1257*) | de Beaune, Florimond (316) | de Bessy, Bernard (411) | de Billy, Jacques (150) | de Boislaurent, Budan (171) | de Bougainville, Louis (1054*) | de Broglie, Louis duc (488*) | de Bruin, Gerrit (801*) | de Carcavi, Pierre (439) | de Coriolis, Gustave (805*) | de Coulomb, Charles (2025*) | de Finetti, Bruno (1346) | de Fontenelle, Bernard (255*) | De, Gan (438) | de Giorgi, Ennio (1447*) | de Groot, Johannes (444*) | de Jonquières, Ernest (239) | de L'Hôpital, Guillaume (204*) | de La Condamine, Charles (480*) | della Faille, Jan-Karel (233*) | de La Hire, Philippe (297*) | de La Roche, Estienne (275) | de la Vallée Poussin, (1702*) | de Lagny, Thomas (186*) | de Moivre, Abraham (1837*) | de Molières, Joseph (216) | de Montmort, Pierre (300) | De Morgan, Augustus (856*) | de Prony, Gaspard (1015*) | de Ortega, Juan (157) | de Rham, Georges (741*) | de Roberval, Gilles (349) | de St-Venant, Adhémar (554*) | de Sitter, Willem (483*) | de Sluze, René (323) | de Tilly, Joseph (179) | de Tinseau, D'Amondans (144) | de Witt, Johan (412*) | de Wronski, Josef (324*) | Dechales, Claude (175) | Dedekind, Richard (2081*) | Dee, John (2364*) | Dehn, Max (691*) | del Ferro, Scipione (1407) | Delamain, Richard (393) | Delambre, Jean Baptiste (2729*) | Delaunay, Charles (172*) | Deligne, Pierre (362*) | della Francesca, Piero (540*) | della Porta, Giambattista (409*) | Delone, Boris (485*) | Delsarte, Jean (416*) | Democritus of Abdera (1555*) | Denjoy, Arnaud (1015*) | Deparcieux, Antoine (618) | des Bertins, Alexis (555) | Desargues, Girard (720*) | Descartes, René (1720*) | di Bruno, Francesco Faà (521*) | Dickson, Leonard (1895*) | Dickstein, Samuel (1009*) | Dieudonné, Jean (138*) | Digges, Thomas (1025) | Dilworth, Robert (1553*) | Dinghas, Alexander (919*) | Dini, Ulisse (1000*) | Dinostratus (491) | Diocles (1023) | Dionis du Séjour, A (630) | Dionysodorus (779) | Diophantus of Alexandria (2271) | Dirac, Paul (2446*) | Dirichlet, Lejeune (2094*) | Dixon, Alfred (664*) | Dixon, Arthur Lee (706*) | Dodgson, Charles (2839*) | Doeblin, Wolfang (964*) | Doetsch, Gustav (1212*) | Domninus of Larissa (614) | Donaldson, Simon (678*) | Doob, Joseph (1779*) | Doppelmayr, Johann (181*) | Douglas, Jesse (206*) | Dowker, Clifford (1203*) | Drach, Jules (143) | Drinfeld, Vladimir (401*) | du Bois-Reymond, Paul (137*) | du Val, Patrick (380*) | Duarte, Francisco (897*) | Dubreil, Paul (531*) | Dubreil-Jacotin, Marie-Louise (2760*) | Dudeney, Henry (1556*) | Duhamel, Jean-Marie (179*) | Duhem, Pierre (2002*) | Dupin, Pierre (668*) | Dupré, Athanase (275) | Durell, Clement (1218) | Dürer, Albrecht (2553*) | Dyck, Walther von (737*) | Dye, Henry (919*) | Dynkin, Evgenii (939*) | Dyson, Freeman (2711*)
- E
- Eckert, J Presper (1000*) | Eckert, Wallace J (623*) | Eckmann, Beno (920*) | Eddington, Arthur (2153*) | Edge, William (1193*) | Edgeworth, Francis (1092*) | Edmonds, Sheila (889) | Egorov, Dimitri (408*) | Ehrenfest, Paul (2596*) | Ehresmann, Charles (669*) | Eilenberg, Samuel (1748*) | Einstein, Albert (2115*) | Eisenhart, Luther (1596*) | Eisenstein, Gotthold (2427*) | Elliott, Edwin (655*) | Empedocles (1074) | Engel, Friedrich (433*) | Enriques, Federigo (470*) | Enskog, David (386*) | Eötvös, Lórand von (159*) | Epstein, Paul (660*) | Eratosthenes of Cyrene (1743*) | Erdélyi, Arthur (769*) | Erdös, Paul (2168*) | Erlang, Agner (409*) | Escher, Maurits (3142*) | Esclangon, Ernest (528*) | Euclid of Alexandria (2950*) | Eudoxus of Cnidus (2317) | Euler, Leonhard (4583*) | Eutocius of Ascalon (763) | Euwe, Machgielis (1498*) | Evans, Griffith (1131*) | Ezra, Rabbi Ben (552)
- F
- Faà di Bruno, Francesco (521*) | Faber,Georg (263) | Fabri, Honoré (360*) | Fagnano, Giovanni (293) | Fagnano, Giulio (660) | Falconer, Etta (1284*) | Faille, Charles de La (233*) | Faltings, Gerd (275*) | Fano, Gino (697*) | Faraday, Michael (2159*) | Farey, John (1137*) | Farkas, Gyula (810) | Fasenmyer, Mary (1272*) | Farisi, Kamal al (1102) | Fatou, Pierre (672*) | Faulhaber, Johann (519*) | Fawcett, Philippa (1985*) | Fefferman, Charles (462*) | Feigenbaum, Mitchell (2050*) | Feigl, Georg (189*) | Fejér, Lipót (511*) | Feldman, Naum (1110*) | Feller, William (1665*) | Ferrar, Bill (547*) | Ferrari, Lodovico (722) | Ferrel, William (1916*) | Ferro, Scipione del (1407) | Feuerbach, Karl (337*) | Fèvre, Jean Le (542) | Feynman, Richard (2533*) | Fibonacci, Leonardo (2223*) | Fields, John (1522*) | Finck, Pierre-Joseph (367) | Fincke, Thomas (213) | Fine, Henry (2346*) | Fine, Nathan (1100*) | Fine, Oronce (204*) | Finetti, Bruno de (1346) | Forest, Erastus (706) | Finsler, Paul (529*) | Fischer, Ernst (128*) | Fisher, Sir Ronald (1966*) | Fiske, Thomas (500*) | FitzGerald, George (3163*) | Flamsteed, John (772*) | Floer, Andreas (896*) | Floquet, Achille (747) | Flügge-Lotz, Irmgard (357*) | Fogels, Ernests (926) | Fomin, Sergei (1118*) | Fontaine des Bertins, A (555) | Fontenelle, Bernard de (255*) | Forsyth, Andrew (691*) | Forti, Cesare Burali- (530) | Foster, Alfred (1271) | Fourier, Joseph (2156*) | Fowler, Ralph (2443*) | Fox, Charles (235*) | Fox, Leslie (1665) | Fraenkel, Adolf (439*) | Français, François (659) | Français, Jacques (692) | Francesca, Piero della (540*) | Francoeur, Louis (301) | Frank, Philipp (653) | Franklin, Benjamin (325*) | Franklin, Philip (251) | Frattini, Giovanni (909) | Fréchet, Maurice (217*) | Fredholm, Ivar (1694*) | Freedman, Michael (1018*) | Frege, Gottlob (2795*) | Freitag, Herta (382*) | Frenet, Jean (119) | Frenicle de Bessy, B (411) | Frenkel, Jacov (900*) | Fresnel, Augustin (2040*) | Freudenthal, Hans (1031*) | Freundlich, Finlay (1787*) | Friedmann, Alexander (2499*) | Friedrichs, Kurt (2291*) | Frisi, Paolo (627*) | Frisius, Regnier Gemma (1774*) | Frobenius, Georg (2147*) | Fubini, Guido (1008*) | Fuchs, Lazarus (698*) | Fueter, Rudolph (578*) | Fuller, R Buckminster (766*) | Fuller, Thomas (603) | Fuss, Nicolai (187)
- G
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- H
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- I
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- J
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- K
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- L
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- M
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- N
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- O
- Ockham, William of (1503*) | Oenopides of Chios (818) | Ohm, Georg Simon (1910*) | Oka, Kiyoshi (485*) | Oleinik, Olga (880*) | Olivier, Théodore (665) | Omar Khayyam (2140*) | Ore, Oystein (1604*) | Oresme, Nicole d' (191*) | Orlicz, Wladyslaw (1933*) | Ortega, Juan de (157) | Osgood, William (1426*) | Osipovsky, Timofei (187) | Ostrogradski, Mikhail (528*) | Ostrowski, Alexander (1419*) | Oughtred, William (654*) | Ovidio, Enrico D' (414) | Ozanam, Jacques (1604)
- P
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- Q
- Qadi Zada, al-Rumi (1016) | Qalasadi, Abu'l al (1247) | Qin Jiushao (2006) | Quetelet, Adolphe (259*) | Quhi, Abu al (1146) | Quillen, Daniel (749*) | Quine, Willard Van (2030*) | Qurra, Thabit ibn (1507*)
- R
- Rademacher, Hans (1941*) | Rado, Richard (752*) | Radó, Tibor (1929*) | Radon, Johann (157*) | Rahn, Johann (79) | Rajagopal, Cadambathur (258*) | Ramanujam, Chidambaram (1636*) | Ramanujan, Srinivasa (2798*) | Ramsden, Jesse (811*) | Ramsey, Frank (1365*) | Ramus, Peter (1262*) | Rankin, Robert (1595*) | Rankine, William (988*) | Raphson, Joseph (765) | Rasiowa, Helena (876*) | Rayleigh, Lord (3026*) | Razmadze, Andrei (373) | Recorde, Robert (2383*) | Rees, Mina (1102*) | Regiomontanus Johann (2278*) | Reichenbach, Hans (125*) | Reidemeister, Kurt (472*) | Reiner, Irving (436) | Reizins, Linards (891) | Remak, Robert (1039*) | Remez, Evgeny (196*) | Rényi, Alfréd (297*) | Rey Pastor, Julio (1716*) | Reye, Theodor (309*) | Reymond, Paul du Bois- (137*) | Reynaud, Antoine-André (507) | Reyneau, Charles (351) | Reynolds, Osborne (974*) | Rham, Georges de (741*) | Rheticus, Georg Joachim (1559) | Riccati, Jacopo (202*) | Riccati, Vincenzo (247*) | Ricci, Matteo (635*) | Ricci, Michelangelo (234*) | Ricci-Curbastro, Georgorio (1335*) | Richard, Jules (137*) | Richard, Louis (116) | Richardson, Lewis (1622*) | Richer, Jean (357) | Richmond, Herbert (928*) | Riemann, G F Bernhard (2707*) | Ries, Adam (380*) | Riesz, Frigyes (861*) | Riesz, Marcel (111*) | Ringrose, John (544*) | Ritt, Joseph (1040) | Rittenhouse, David (1071*) | Roberts, Samuel (389*) | Roberval, Gilles de (349) | Robins, Benjamin (375) | Robinson, Abraham (1650*) | Robinson, Julia Bowman (1924*) | Robinson, Raphael (1839) | Rocard, Yves-André (341*) | Rodrigues, Benjamin (1295) | Roche, Estienne de La (275) | Rogers, Ambrose (456*) | Rogers, James(823) | Rohn, Karl (117*) | Rolle, Michel (232) | Romanus, Adrianus (419) | Roomen, Adriaan van (419) | Rosanes, Jakob (132*) | Rosenhain, Johann (146) | Rota, Gian-Carlo (1420*) | Roth, Klaus (706*) | Roth, Leonard (1372*) | Rouché, Eugène (560) | Routh, Edward (1065*) | Ruan Yuan (1567) | Rudin, Mary (1857*) | Rudio, Ferdinand (268*) | Rudolff, Christoff (172) | Ruffini, Paolo (2196*) | Rui, Li (607) | Runge, Carle (332*) | Russell, Bertrand (1485*) | Russell, John (851*) | Rutherford, Daniel E (1202*) | Rydberg, Johannes (413*)
- S
- Saccheri, Giovanni (212) | Sacrobosco, Johannes de (328*) | Saint-Venant, Adhémar de (554*) | Saint-Vincent, Gregorius (296*) | Saks, Stanislaw (1132*) | Salaciense, Pedro Nunes (332*) | Salem, Raphaël (1545*) | Salmon, George (1351*) | Samarqandi, Shams al (202) | Samawal, Ibn al (1569) | Samoilenko, Anatoly (252*) | Sang, Edward (471*) | Sankara, Narayana (724) | Sargent, Winifred (1339) | Sasaki, Shigeo (1066*) | Saunderson, Nicholas (1869*) | Saurin, Joseph (210) | Savage, Leonard (299*) | Savart, Felix (106) | Savary, Félix (153) | Savasorda (A bar Hiyya) (641) | Savile, Sir Henry (1130*) | Schafer, Alice (1344*) | Schatten, Robert (682) | Schauder, Juliusz (1012*) | Scheffé, Henry (844*) | Scheffers, Georg (143*) | Schickard, Wilhelm (219*) | Schläfli, Ludwig (191*) | Schlömilch, Oscar (49*) | Schmidt, Erhard (1382*) | Schoenberg, Isaac (816*) | Schönflies, Arthur (370*) | Schooten, Frans van (259*) | Schottky, Friedrich (251*) | Schoute, Pieter (363) | Schouten, Jan (341*) | Schreier, Otto (582*) | Schröder, Ernst (174*) | Schrödinger, Erwin (2585*) | Schroeter, Heinrich (182*) | Schubert, Hermann (101*) | Schur, Issai (1667*) | Schwartz, Laurent (1119*) | Schwarz, Herman (1192*) | Schwarz, Stefan (867*) | Schwarzschild, Karl (1639*) | Schwinger, Julian (1455*) | Scott, Charlotte (579*) | Scott, Sheila (Macintyre) (449) | Segner, Jan (693*) | Segre, Beniamino (397*) | Segre, Corrado (574*) | Seidenberg, Abraham (1047*) | Seifert, Karl (1709*) | Seki Kowa, Takakazu (411*) | Selberg, Atle (814*) | Selten, Reinhard (266*) | Semple, Jack (1602*) | Serenus (566) | Serre, Jean-Pierre (731*) | Serret, Joseph (164*) | Servois, François (549) | Severi, Francesco (792*) | 'sGravesande, Willem (180*) | Shafarevich, Igor (419*) | Shanks, William (153) | Shannon, Claude (1208*) | Sharkovsky, Oleksandr (134*) | Shatunovsky, Samuil (221) | Shen Kua (2448*) | Shewhart, Walter (52*) | Shields, Allen (195*) | Shijie, Zhu (1912) | Shnirelman, Lev (137*) | Shoda, Kenjiro (1235*) | Shoujing, Guo (1688) | Shtokalo, Josif (325*) | Siacci, Francesco (504*) | Siegel, Carl (2131*) | Sierpinski, Waclaw (2004*) | Siguenza, y Gongora (566) | Sijzi, Abu al (708) | Simplicius, Simplicius (933) | Simpson, Thomas (1070*) | Simson, Robert (1914*) | Sina, ibn (Avicenna) (438*) | Sinan ibn Thabit (719) | Sintsov, Dmitrii (223*) | Sitter, Willem de (483*) | Skolem, Thoralf (1572*) | Skopin, Alexander (802*) | Slaught, Herbert (543*) | Sleszynski, Ivan (194) | Slow, Mary Taylor(404) | Slutsky, Evgeny (1014*) | Sluze, René de (323) | Smale, Stephen (795*) | Smirnov, Vladimir (588*) | Smith, Henry (1201*) | Smithies, Frank (1425) | Smullyan, Raymond (2022*) | Sneddon, Ian (2014*) | Snell, Willebrord (239*) | Snyder, Virgil (242*) | Sobolev, Sergei (1282*) | Sokhotsky, Yulian-Karl (183*) | Sokolov, Yurii (176*) | Somerville, Mary (2125*) | Sommerfeld, Arnold (2234*) | Sommerville, Duncan (523) | Somov, Osip (106*) | Sonin, Nikolay (124*) | Spanier, Edwin (591*) | Spence, David (818*) | Spence, William (65) | Sperry, Pauline (1230*) | Sporus of Nicaea (357) | Spottiswoode, William (1359*) | Sridhara, Sridhara (766) | Sripati (541) | Stäckel, Paul (2385*) | Stampioen, Jan (153) | Staudt, Carl Georg C von (146*) | Steenrod, Norman (1144*) | Stefan, Josef (111*) | Stefan, Peter (364*) | Steiner, Jakob (310*) | Steinhaus, Hugo (1702*) | Steinitz, Ernst (328*) | Steklov, Vladimir A (1229*) | Stepanov, Vyacheslaw V (135*) | Stephansen, Mary (1360) | Stevin, Simon (2095*) | Stewart, Dugald (1030) | Stewart, Matthew (958) | Stewartson, Keith (1812*) | Stieltjes, Thomas Jan (1530*) | Stifel, Michael (331) | Stirling, James (2856) | Stokes, George Gabriel (2491*) | Stolz, Otto (113*) | Stone, Edmund (233) | Stone, Marshall (1479*) | Story, William (972) | Stott, Alicia Boole (340*) | Straus, Ernst (1370*) | Strong, Theodore (927) | Struik, Dirk (1059*) | Stuart, James (218) | Strutt (Lord Rayleigh) (3026*) | Study, Eduard (454*) | Sturm, J Charles-François (1282*) | Sturm, Rudolf (668) | St-Venant, Adhémar de (554*) | St-Vincent, Gregorius (296*) | Subbotin, Mikhail (817*) | Suetuna, Zyoiti (897) | Sun Zi (1282) | Süss, Wilhelm (1893*) | Suter, Heinrich (56) | Suvorov, Georgii (170*) | Swain, Lorna (598) | Sylow, Ludwig (486*) | Sylvester, James Joseph (2398*) | Synge, John (1155*) | Szász, Otto (751*) | Szegö, Gábor (479*)
- T
- Tacquet, Andrea (181) | Tahir, ibn (947) | Tait, Peter Guthrie (3608*) | Takagi, Teiji (1675*) | Takakazu (Seki) (411*) | Talbot, Henry Fox (2087*) | Tamarkin, Jacob (1434*) | Taniyama, Yutaka (345*) | Tannery, Jules (828*) | Tannery, Paul (1420*) | Tapia, Richard (1383*) | Tarry, Gaston (93*) | Tarski, Alfred (3226*) | Tartaglia, Nicolo (1664*) | Tauber, Alfred (100) | Taurinus, Franz (567) | Taussky-Todd, Olga (2064*) | Taylor, Brook (1879*) | Taylor, Geoffrey (1268*) | Taylor, Mary (404) | Teichmüller, Oswald (122*) | Temple, George (506*) | Tenneur, Jacques (249) | Tetens, Johannes (82*) | Thabit ibn Qurra, Abu'l (1507*) | Thales of Miletus (2091*) | Theaetetus of Athens (1320) | Theodorus of Cyrene (673) | Theodosius of Bithynia (1044) | Theon of Alexandria (1135) | Theon of Smyrna (655*) | Thiele, Thorvald (950*) | Thom, René (1202*) | Thomae, Johannes (99*) | Thomason, Bob (1053*) | Thompson, D'Arcy W (1533*) | Thompson, John (1286*) | Thompson, Robert (1008) | Thomson, James (925*) | Thomson, W (Lord Kelvin) (2702*) | Thue, Axel (415*) | Thurston, Bill (582*) | Thymaridas (186) | Tibbon, Jacob ben (198) | Tietze, Heinrich (816) | Tikhonov, Andrei (1069*) | Tilly, Joseph de (179) | Tinbergen, Jan (708*) | Tinseau, Charles (144) | Tisserand, Félix (600*) | Titchmarsh, Edward (1623*) | Todd, John (876*) | Todhunter, Isaac (1055*) | Toeplitz, Otto (859*) | Torricelli, Evangelista (2867*) | Trail, William (73) | Tricomi, Francesco (556*) | Troughton, Edward (1222*) | Tschirnhaus, E von (321*) | Tsu Ch'ung Chi (1392*) | Tsu Keng (630) | Tukey, John (1773*) | Tunstall, Cuthbert (187*) | Turán, Paul (2202*) | Turing, Alan (2922*) | Turnbull, Herbert (1693*) | Turner, Peter (722) | Tusi, Nasir al (1912) | Tusi, Sharaf al (1138) | Tutte, William (1890*) | Tychonoff, Andrey (1069*)
- U
- Uhlenbeck, George (1800*) | Uhlenbeck, Karen (1114*) | Ulam, Stanislaw (1422*) | Ulugh Beg (1219*) | Umawi, Abu al (1014) | Uqlidisi, Abu'l al(1028) | Upton, Francis (359*) | Urysohn, Pavel (1391*)
- V
- Vacca, Giovanni (707*) | Vailati, Giovanni (555*) | Val, Patrick du (380*) | Valerio, Luca (278) | Vallée Poussin, C de la (1702*) | Vályi, Gyula (868) | van Amringe, Howard (354*) | van Dantzig, David (518) | van der Waerden, Bartel (552*) | van Heuraet, Hendrik (170) | van Kampen, Egbert (1075) | van Lansberge, Philip (243*) | van Roomen, Adriaan (419) | van Schooten, Frans (259*) | van Vleck, Edward (1306*) | Vandermonde, Alexandre (1379) | Vandiver, Harry (215) | Varahamihira, Varahamihira (744) | Varignon, Pierre (199*) | Vashchenko-Z, Mikhail (241*) | Veblen, Oswald (2019*) | Vega, Jurij von (295*) | Velez-Rodriguez, Argelia (768*) | Venant, Adhémar de St- (554*) | Venn, John (1208*) | Verhulst, Pierre (411*) | Vernier, Pierre (344) | Veronese, Giuseppe (617*) | Verrier, Urbain Le (450*) | Vessiot, Ernest (229*) | Viète, François (2352*) | Vijayanandi (424) | Vincent, Gregorius Saint- (296*) | Vinci, Leonardo da (704*) | Vinogradov, Ivan (1484*) | Vitali, Giuseppe (269*) | Viviani, Vincenzo (339*) | Vlacq, Adriaan (199) | Vleck, Edward van (358*) | Volterra, Vito (436*) | von Brill, Alexander (473*) | von Dyck, Walther (737*) | von Eötvös, Roland (159*) | von Helmholtz, Hermann (2214*) | von Kármán, Theodore (202*) | von Koch, Helge (736*) | von Leibniz, Gottfried (3723*) | von Lindemann, Carl (895*) | von Mises, Hilda Geiringer (1469*) | von Mises, Richard (2108*) | von Neumann, John (2572*) | von Segner, Johann (356*) | von Staudt, Karl (146*) | von Tschirnhaus, E (321*) | von Vega, Georg (295*) | Voronoy, Georgy (198*) | Vranceanu, Gheorghe (999*)
- W
- Wright, Sewall (1360*) | Waerden, Bartel van der (552*) | Wafa al-Buzjani Abu'l (1115) | Wald, Abraham (1465*) | Walker, Geoffrey (739*) | Walker, John (553*) | Wall, C Terence (545*) | Wallace, William (1328*) | Wallis, John (2463*) | Walsh, John (2920) | Walsh, Joseph (1089*) | Wang H'siao-t'ung (1484) | Wang Xiaotong (1484) | Wangerin, Albert (481*) | Wantzel, Pierre (1020) | Waring, Edward (1378*) | Warner, Mary (1843*) | Warschawski, Stefan (1054) | Watson, G Neville (1022*) | Watson, Henry (535*) | Wazewski, Tadeusz (759*) | Weatherburn, Charles (506*) | Weaver, Warren (1575*) | Weber, Heinrich (654*) | Weber, Wilhelm (272*) | Wedderburn, Joseph (1714*) | Weierstrass, Karl (2599*) | Weil, André (1381*) | Weingarten, Julius (734*) | Weinstein, Alexander (408*) | Weisbach, Julius (528*) | Weldon, Raphael (1332*) | Werner, Johann (145) | Wessel, Caspar (1685) | West, John (138) | Weyl, Hermann (2284*) | Weyr, Eduard (249*) | Weyr, Emil (285*) | Wheeler, Anna J Pell (516*) | Whiston, William (1343*) | White, Henry (1440*) | Whitehead, Alfred N (2339*) | Whitehead, J Henry C (1883*) | Whitney, Hassler (1239*) | Whitney, Hassler (311*) | Whittaker, Edmund (1478*) | Whittaker, John (1547*) | Whyburn, Gordon (1087*) | Widman, Johannes (156) | Wielandt, Helmut (675*) | Wien, Wilhelm (395*) | Wiener, Christian (179) | Wiener, Norbert (2449*) | Wigner, Eugene (2458*) | Wilczynski, Ernest (652) | Wilder, Raymond (1766*) | Wiles, Andrew (1178*) | William of Ockham (140*) | Wilkins, Ernest (1215*) | Wilkins, John (2456*) | Wilkinson, Jim (1029*) | Wilks, Samuel (457*) | Wilson, Alexander (163) | Wilson, Edwin (677) | Wilson, John (587) | Winkler, Wilhelm (744*) | Wintner, Aurel (1461) | Wirtinger, Wilhelm (586*) | Wishart, John (1029*) | Witt, Ernst (331*) | Witt, Johan de (412*) | Witten, Edward (893*) | Wittgenstein, Ludwig (2806*) | Wolf, Frantisek (1372*) | Wolf, Rudolph (186*) | Wolfowitz, Jacob (1031*) | Wolstenholme, Joseph (677) | Woodhouse, Robert (654) | Woodward, Robert (311*) | Wren, Sir Christopher (3006*) | Wright, Edward (2093*) | Wrinch, Dorothy (972*) | Wronski, Hoëné (324*)
- X
- Xenocrates of Chalcedon (636) | Xiahou Yang (443) | Xian, Jia (843) | Xiaotong, Wang (1484) | Xu Bao-Lu (1171*) | Xu Guangqi (1507) | Xu Yue (537) |
- Y
- Yang Hui (2060*) | Yates Frank (1209*) | Yativrsabha (219) | Yau, Shing-Tung (699*) | Yavanesvara (405) | Yoccoz, Jean-Christophe (606*) | Youden, William (800) | Young, Grace Chisholm (583*) | Young, William (1155*) | Young, Alfred (1537) | Young, Lai-Sang (1248*) | Young, Laurence (1296*) | Yuan, Ruan (1567) | Yue, Xu (537) | Yule, George (2451*) | Yunus, Abu'l-Hasan ibn (1312) | Yushkevich, Adolph P (579) | Yusuf Ahmed ibn(660)
- Z
- Zada, al-Rumi Qadi (1016) | Zakharchenko, M V- (241*) | Zalts, Karlis (701) | Zarankiewicz, Kazimierz (937*) | Zaremba, Stanislaw (1084*) | Zariski, Oscar (1654*) | Zassenhaus, Hans (512*) | Zeeman, Chris (1751*) | Zeckendorf, Edouard (176*) | Zelmanov, Efim (1028*) | Zeno of Elea (2124*) | Zeno of Sidon (1046*) | Zenodorus (512) | Zermelo, Ernst (1367*) | Zeuthen, Hieronymous (821*) | Zhang Heng (1481*) | Zhang Qiujian (1000) | Zhi, Li (2015) | Zhu Shijie (1912) | Zhukovsky, Nikolay (806*) | Zi, Sun (1282) | Zolotarev, Egor (639*) | Zorn, Max (1521*) | Zu Chongzhi (1392*) | Zu Geng (630) | Zu Xuan (630) | Zuse, Konrad (1110*) | Zygmund, Antoni (228*)
(E?)(L1) http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Glossary/
Index of Glossary terms
abacus | abelian or hyperelliptic function | abelian group | abundant number | Alexander the Great | algebra | algebraic geometry | algebraic number | algebraic number field | algebraic number theory | algebraic topology | alternating group | amicable numbers | Ammonius | analytic number theory | Anaximander | angle trisection | annular eclipse | apogee | Apollodorus | apotome | Apuleius | Arcesilaus | Archimedes' principle | Archimedes' screw | arithmetic progression | associative | astrolabe | asymptote | atomic theory | automorphism group | Axiom of choice | azimuth | Bernoulli number | beta function | Bieberbach conjecture | binomial | binomial coefficient | binomial theorem | biquadratic residue | boundary value problem | brachistochrone | Burnside problem | Calcidius | calculus of variations | catenary | catoptrics | Catullus | celestial equator | celestial sphere | character theory | Cicero | circumscribed | cohomology | combination | commensurable | commutator | compact | compass variation | composite number | concentric spheres | conformal mapping | conic | conjunction | continued fraction | Continuum Hypothesis | control theory | coprime | cosa | cosmogony | cosmology | cubic equation | cuboctahedron | Damascius | declination | deficient number | Delian League | Delphic oracle | determinant | Dialectic | difference equation | differential equation | differential geometry | differential topology | Diogenes Laertius | Dionysius I | Dionysius II | diophantine approximation | diophantine equation | discriminant | docent | dodecahedron | duplicating the cube | dynamical system | eccentric theory | ecliptic | ecliptic coordinates | eigenvalue/vector/function | Eleatic School | ellipse | elliptic function | envelope | Epictetus | Epicureans | Epicurus | epicycle | equatorial coordinates | equinox | equivalent numbers | ergodic theory | Escher's Pictures | ethics | Euclid of Megara | euclidean algorithm | Euler's conjecture | evolute | factor group or quotient group | factorial | Fibonacci sequence | field | Fields Medal | focus directrix | four colour theorem | Fourier analysis | free group | functional analysis | fundamental theorem of algebra | fundamental group | Gaius Marius | Galois theory | game theory | Gelfond's conjecture | general or point-set topology | geometric progression | Goldbach's conjecture | golden ratio | great circle | group | group presentation | gymnasium | habilitation | heliocentric theory | Heracleitus | Herodotus | hippopede | Homer | homocentric spheres | homology | homotopy | hyperbola | hypergeometric function | hypotenuse | Iamblichus | icosahedron | idempotent | infinitesimal | inscribed | integral equation | integral transform | integrating factor | intuitionism | Invariant theory | involute | irrational | Isidorus | isoperimetry | Kepler's problem | knot theory | Laplace transform | Laplace transform | Laplace's equation | Lie algebra | Lie group | Lie ring | linear group | link | Livy | locus | loxodrome | Lucian | lune | magic square | magnetic declination | manifold | Marcellus | matrix | measure theory | medial | Menedemus of Pyrrha | metaphysics | method of exhaustion | Milky Way | model theory | modulo | Neoplatonist | nilpotent | nilpotent group | non-Euclidean | non-standard analysis | normal | normal subgroup | The Rhind Papyrus | number theory | obliquity of the ecliptic | oblong number | occultation | octahedron | opposition | osculate | p- group | parabola | parallax | parallel postulate | Parmenides | partial differential equation | pascal triangle | Peloponnesian War | perfect number | Pericles | permutation | permutation group | Philolaus | Plateau problem | Pliny | Plotinus | Plutarch | Poincaré conjecture | polygonal number | Pompey the Great | potential/harmonic theory | precession of the equinoxes | prime number | prime number theorem | primitive root | probability theory | projective geometry | Propertius | Protagoras | pyramidal number | quadratic equation | quadratic form | quadratic number field | quadratic reciprocity | quadratic residue | quadrature | quadric | quantum mechanics | quartic equation | quaternion | quintic equation | radical | rational | rationalise | reductio ad absurdum | refraction | regular polyhedron | representation theory | rhetoric | Riemann hypothesis | right ascension | ring | ruler and compass | Samaritan | Sceptic | semigroup | sexagesimal | sidereal year | simple group | Socrates | Socrates Scholasticus | solar system | solstice | soluble by radicals | soluble or solvable group | Sophist | Sosigenes | special_function | spectral theory | Speusippus | square number | square the circle | stadium | statistical mechanics | stereographic projection | Stoa Poikile Academy | Stobaeus | Stoic | Strabo | subgroup | symmetric group | symmetry group | synodic month | Syrianus | tangent | tautochrone | tensor | tetrahedron | Themistius | theodolite | Theophrastus | three body problem | topological or continuous group | topology | transcendental | transit | triangular number | tropical year | twin prime conjecture | twisted cubic | vector space | Virgil | Vitruvius | wrangler | Zeno of Citium | zeta function | Zeno of Citium | zeta function
(E?)(L1) http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Indexes/Hist_Topics_alph.html
History Topics: Alphabetical Index:
Abstract group concept | Abstract linear spaces | Arabic mathematics : forgotten brilliance? | Arabic numerals | Architecture and mathematics | Art and mathematics - perspective | Babylonian mathematics | Babylonian numerals | Babylonian Pythagoras's theorem | Bakhshali manuscript | Brachistochrone problem | Burnside problem | Cartography | Chinese mathematics | Chinese numerals | Chinese problems | Christianity and Mathematics | Chronology of Pi | Chrystal and the Royal Society of Edinburgh | Classical time | Cosmology | Cubic surfaces | Debating topics on mathematics | Doubling the cube | e | Egyptian mathematics | Egyptian numerals | Egyptian papyri | Elliptic functions | English attack on the Longitude Problem | Forgery and Chasles | Forgery and the Berlin Academy | Four colour theorem | Fundamental theorem of algebra | General relativity | Golden ratio | Gravitation | Greek Astronomy | Greek number systems | Greek mathematicians - sources | Greek mathematics - sources | Harriot's manuscripts | Hirst's diary comments | History of calculus | History of the number e | History of group theory | History of mathematics at St Andrews to 1700 | History of Pi | History of Quantum mechanics | History of Set Theory | History of the Burnside problem | History of Time: Classical time | History of Time: 20th Century time | History of Zero | History of Topology | How do we know about Greek mathematicians? | How do we know about Greek mathematics? | Inca mathematics | Indian mathematics | Indian numerals | Indian Sulbasutras | Infinity | Jaina mathematics | Ledermann's St Andrews interview | Light: Ancient Greece to Maxwell | Light: Relativity and quantum era | Longitude and the Académie Royale | Longitude Problem and the English attack | Mathematical discovery of planets | Mathematical games and recreations | Mathematics and architecture | Mathematics and the physical world | Matrices and determinants | Mayan mathematics | Measurement | Memory, mental arithmetic and mathematics | Newton's bucket | Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art | Non-Euclidean geometry | Orbits and gravitation | Overview of Babylonian mathematics | An overview of Chinese mathematics | Overview of Egyptian mathematics | Overview of the History of Mathematics | Overview of Indian mathematics | Pell's equation | Perfect numbers | Physical world and mathematics | Pi | Prime numbers | Quadratic, cubic and quartic equations | Quantum mechanics | Ring theory | Royal Society of Edinburgh and George Chrystal | St Andrews mathematics up to 1700 | Scottish mathematical physics and Topology | The Scottish Book | Set Theory | Special relativity | Squaring the circle | Ten classics of Chinese mathematics | Thomas Harriot's manuscripts | Thomas Hirst's diary comments | Topology and Scottish mathematical physics | Topology | Trigonometric functionsvTrisecting an angle | Twentieth Century time | Walter Ledermann's St Andrews interview | Visit to Maxwell's house | Voting | Zero
(E?)(L1) http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Curves/Curves.html
Astroid | Bicorn | Cardioid | Cartesian Oval | Cassinian Ovals | Catenary | Cayley's Sextic | Circle | Cissoid of Diocles | Cochleoid | Conchoid | Conchoid of de Sluze | Cycloid | Devil's Curve | Double Folium | Dürer's Shell Curves | Eight Curve | Ellipse | Epicycloid | Epitrochoid | Equiangular Spiral | Folium | Folium of Descartes | Freeth's Nephroid | Frequency Curve | Hyperbola | Hyperbolic Spiral | Hypocycloid | Hypotrochoid | Involute of a Circle | Kampyle of Eudoxus | Kappa Curve | Lamé Curves | Limacon of Pascal | Lissajous Curves | Lituus | Neile's Parabola | Nephroid | Newton's Parabolas | Parabola | Pearls of de Sluze | Pear-shaped Quartic | Plateau Curves | Pursuit Curve | Quadratrix of Hippias | Rhodonea Curves | Right Strophoid | Serpentine | Sinusoidal Spirals | Spiral of Archimedes | Spiric Sections | Straight Line | Talbot's Curve | Tractrix | Tricuspoid | Trident of Newton | Trifolium | Trisectrix of Maclaurin | Tschirnhaus' Cubic | Watt's Curve | Witch of Agnesi
(E?)(L1) http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Day_files/Year.html
Mathematicians' anniversaries throughout the year
stanford - Mathematic signs
(E?)(L?) http://members.aol.com/jeff570/set.html
(E?)(L?) http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Schroder.html
(E?)(L?) http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Peano.html
(E?)(L?) http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/whitehead/
(E?)(L?) http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/russell/
(E?)(L?) http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/principia-mathematica/
(E?)(L?) http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/frege/
...
Most of the basic symbols of logic and set theory in use today were introduced between 1880 and 1920. The main contributors were "Ernst Schröder" (1841-1902) and "Giuseppe Peano", (1858-1932)
Alfred North Whitehead, (1861-1947) and Bertrand Russell, (1872-1970).
Peano had a strong influence on Whitehead and Russell and their joint work, "Principia Mathematica", (1910-1913), was itself very influential. Today "Gottlob Frege", (1848-1925) is the most admired logician of that age but his notation was not taken up. Most of the symbols described here are treated in the chapter on mathematical logic in Cajori's "A History of Mathematical Notations, vol. 2" (1929). The ideas of the period are covered in I. Grattan-Guinness (2000) "The Search for Mathematical Roots, 1870-1940: Logics, Set Theories and the Foundations of Mathematics from Cantor through Russell to Gödel". Many of the classic works are available in English in Jan van Heijenoort (1967) "From Frege to Gödel: A Source Book in Mathematical Logic, 1879--1931".
...
T
techtarget - Mathematical Symbols
(E?)(L?) http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid80_gci803019,00.html
This table contains mathematical symbols and links to definitions of what they represent.
...
U
V
vokabeln - Mathematik-Vokabeln
(E6)(L?) http://www.vokabeln.de/
- Englisch - Mathematik
- Englisch - Schul-Mathematik
- Mathematik - Kopfrechnen
W
X
Y
Z
Zeno's Paradoxes (W3)
(E?)(L?) http://members.aol.com/jeff570/z.html
(E?)(L?) http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/paradox-zeno/
(E?)(L?) http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Zeno_of_Elea.html
(E?)(L?) http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Simplicius.html
(E?)(L?) http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/physics.6.vi.html
(E?)(L?) http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/physics.html
sind natürlich nach "Zeno von Elea (c. 490 BC - c. 425 BC) benannt.