Etymologie, Étymologie, Etymology
UK Vereinigtes Königreich (Großbritannien u. Nordirland), Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Paare, Zwillingsformeln
Zwillingsformel (W3)
(E3)(L1) http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwillingsformel
collocation, Kollokation (W3)
(E?)(L?) http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/collocation
Eine "Kollokation" ist ein fest gefügter sprachlicher Ausdruck aus zusammengehörigen Lexemen wie "Pferd" und "wiehern": "Das Pferd wiehert.".
Auch das gemeinsame Vorkommen von Teilbedeutungen in einem Wort wird als "Kollokation" bezeichnet. Etwa für "gehen":
"Er geht seinen Weg.", "Er geht zum Friseur.", "Die Bombe geht in die Luft.", "Wie geht's?".
binomial (W3)
(E?)(L?) http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/binomial
"Binomials" are the simplest "collocations". They are two-part phrases linked by a conjunction (like "quick and dirty").
A
B
by and by (W3)
C
D
E
F
fair and aquare (W3)
first and foremost (W3)
fun and games (W3)
G
give and take (W3)
H
higgledy-piggledy (W3)
(E?)(L?) http://www.owad.de/wav/hispresentation.wav
(E?)(L?) http://www.owad.de/reduplications.pdf
= "unstructured", "confused" = "drunter und drüber", "kreuz und quer", "Durcheinander".
"Higgledy-piggledy" is an example of "reduplication", a process in which words are formed by starting with one word, copying it with one slight change, and then saying it again.
You probably already know reduplications like "criss-cross", "King Kong", "ship-shape", and "tick-tock".
Some reduplications have been around for a long time - all these common words have been in English for over 400 years:
- "hurly-burly" = "Tumult", "Aufruhr"
- "fiddle-faddle" = "Blühender Unsinn"
- "pitter-patter" = "das Trappeln", "das Prasseln"
- "higgledy-piggledy" = "drunter und drüber", "kreuz und quer"
- "helter-skelter" = "Hals über Kopf"
- "dilly-dally" = "trödeln"
I
ifs and buts (W3)
ins and outs (W3)
J
Jack and Jill (W3)
"Jack" (familiar form of "John") and "Jill" (familiar form of "Gillian") stand for the archetypal "boy an girl" or "man and woman".
Die Bezeichnung "Jack and Jill" wurde mitgeprägt durch einen alten Kinderreim:
Jack and Jill went up the hill
To fetch a pail of water.
Jack fell down and broke his crown,
And Jill came tumbling after.
Jekyll und Hyde, Dr.Jekyll und Mr.Hyde (W3)
(E?)(L2) http://www.classic-horror.com/reviews/acjekyllhyde.shtml
(E1)(L1) http://www.etymonline.com/
(E?)(L?) http://www.gertrudejekyll.co.uk/
(E?)(L1) http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/42
(E?)(L1) http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/43
(E?)(L2) http://wordcraft.infopop.cc/eponyms.htm
(E?)(L1) http://jeff560.tripod.com/words9.html
(E?)(L2) http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgkeysearchresult.cfm?keyword=jekyll
(E1)(L1) http://www.wordsmith.org/awad/archives/0899
(E?)(L1) http://www.worldwideschool.org/library/books/lit/horror/DrJekyllandMrHyde/Chap1.html
Dieses Pärchen geht zurück auf einen Roman von Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894). Der Originaltitel lautete "The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" (1886). Die deutsche Übersetzung lautete "Der seltsame Fall des Doctor Jekyll und des Herrn Hyde".
Eigentlich handelt es sich dabei um die selbe Person. Der Arzt Dr. Jekyll möchte den guten und bösen Mächten in jedem Menschen auf die Spur kommen. In Selbstversuchen testet er ein von ihm entwickeltes Elixier und verwandelt sich nachts in das menschliche Monster Mr. Hyde.
Daraus abgeleitet werden Menschen oder zwischen "Gut und Böse" wechselnde Situationen mit "Jekyll und Hyde" verglichen. Diese "beiden Personen" werden auch im Zusammenhang mit "Schizophrenie" genannt.
Im Jahr 1931 diente die Romanvorlage als Drehbuch für einen Horrorfilm "Der seltsame Fall des Doctor Jekyll und des Herrn Hyde". Auch ein Musical "Jekyll and Hyde" wurde nach dieser Vorlage geschrieben.
Der Film "Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" aus dem Jahr 1953 scheint eine Parodie zu diesem Thema zu sein.
Als kleine Spielerei ist der Satz "Dr. Jekyll vows to finish zapping quixotic bum" anzusehen, der alle Buchstaben des Alphabets enthält. (Dies nennt man "Pangram".)
The brother of Gertrude Jekyll (1843-1932), Walter, was a friend of the author, Robert Louis Stevenson; his name was borrowed for the title of his famous Jekyll & Hyde psychological thriller.
K
L
leaps and bounds (W3)
M
N
O
owad - Reduplications
(E?)(L?) http://www.owad.de/
In gewisser Weise kann man bei dieser Art von Wortbildungen auch von Wortspielen sprechen.
Im Deutschen gibt es sicherlich auch Beispiele:
fauler Zauber | Muh-Kuh | Pop-Shop (eine Radiosendung des ehemaligen SWR)
Oftmals hat dabei der zweite Wortteil keine eigene Bedeutung, sondern dient lediglich als Füllsel.
Und viele dieser Begriffe sind auch aus dem Englischen übernommen worden.
"Reduplication" in English: the second part of the word or phrase duplicates or echoes the first.
It's a very popular device in English as you can see from many of these enjoyable examples:
airy-fairy | argy-bargy | artsy-fartsy | backpack | bedspread | bedstead | blackjack | blue flu | boogie-woogie | brain drain - the loss of talented and educated people of a country to other countries where conditions are better - Abwanderung von Talenten und intelligenten Leuten aus einem Land | chill pill | Chilly Willie (the cartoon penguin) | Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (movie title) | chrome dome | chug-a-lug | city kitty (CB jargon) | county Mountie (CB jargon) | Cox and Box (an operetta by Sir Arthur Sullivan) | creepie-peepie (hand-held TV camera) | demisemiquaver | Dennis the Menace | dilly-dally | Ditch Witch | double trouble | downtown | dream team | Euler's spoilers (the mathematicians who disproved Euler's conjecture about order 10 Latin squares) | fancy-schmancy | fat cat | fender-bender | fine line | flower power | Flub-a-dub | frat rat | freight rate | Frito Bandito | fuddy-duddy | funny money | gaggin' wagon | gator freighter | gritz blitz | ground round | hanky-panky | harum-scarum | head shed (an army headquarters) | heebie-jeebie(s) | helter-skelter | hemidemisemiquaver | herky-jerky | hexaflexagon | higgledy piggledy | hipper-dipper (a baseball pitch) | hobnob | hobson-jobson | hocus-pocus | hoity-toity | hokey-cokey | hokey-pokey | holy moly | honey-bunny | hootchie-kootchie | hotch-potch | hot shot | Hubble-bubble | hugger-mugger | Humpty Dumpty | hurdy-gurdy | hurly-burly | hurry-scurry | ill will | itsy-bitsy | jet set | legal beagle | legal eagle | local yokel | lovey-dovey | unch bunch | mean machine | mellow yellow | middle fiddle | motor voter | mud-blood | mumbo-jumbo | namby-pamby | near beer | night flight | night fright | night light | nitty-gritty | okey-dokey | Ollie's Trollies (restaurant chain) | Pall Mall | pell-mell | phony baloney | Pick-Quick | picnic | piggly-wiggly | pooper-scooper | pop top | powwow | quick trick | ragin' Cajun | razzle-dazzle | red lead | repple-depple | Rikki-Tikki-Tavi | Rin-Tin-Tin | roach coach | rock 'em sock 'em | rock jock | roly-poly | rope-a-dope | rough tough cream puff | rub-a-dub | schlock rock | shock jock | slick chick | slim Jim | snail mail | soap-on-a-rope | Spruce Goose | Steady Eddie (sung by Annette Funicello) | Stormin' Norman | stun gun | sump pump | super-duper | sweetmeat | teeny-weeny | Tex-Mex | tie-dye | tzitzit | tooti-fruiti | town clown (CB jargon) | Transistor Sister (sung by Neil Sedaka) | virgin sturgeon | walkie-talkie | Watusi Luci (LBJ's daughter) | white flight | white knight | willy-nilly | wingding
P
park and ride (W3)
peace and quiet (W3)
Q
quick and dirty (W3)
R
rack and ruin (W3)
Reduplicatives
Die Reduplikation ist eine Wortbildungsform, die im Lateinischen zur Perfektbildung (faller / fefelli), im Indonesischen zur Bildung des Plurals dient ("orang" = "Mensch", "orang-orang" = "Menschen").
Im Deutschen handelt es sich um affektische Bildungen wie Papa, Mama, Bonbon, ...
Words that are made up of sounds that repeat are called "reduplicatives". This is a very primitive human impulse that begins with baby talk. Some of these phrases like "booboo" persist into adulthood.
- ack ack (anti-aircraft fire)
- aye-aye (a sailor's assent)
- BB (a small round bullet used in children's guns)
- beri beri (a nutritional disease)
- bonbon (a candy)
- booboo (a mistake)
- boomboom (a gun; the sound of falling)
- Bora Bora (a South Pacific island)
- bouncy bouncy (sexual intercourse)
- broom-broom (a car)
- caca (excrement)
- can can (a dance)
- cha cha (a dance)
- chin chin (a drinking toast; casual chat)
- choo choo (baby talk for a locomotive)
- chop chop (quickly, without delay)
- chow chow (a Chinese dog)
- Coco (a name)
- coco (a palm tree)
- cous cous
- Dada (an art movement)
- dada (a child's name for father)
- dindin (baby talk for "dinner")
- dodo (a flightless, stupid, extinct bird; a person who should be extinct)
- dumdum (a stupid person; a nasty bullet)
- eye eye (an expression meaning "look at that!")
- gogo (enthusiastic; lively)
- goody goody (an expression of delight; an overly proper person)
- googoo (an imitation of baby talk)
- haha (an imitation of the sound of laughter) hoho
- housey housey (the British name for bingo)
- hush hush (secret)
- knock knock (imitation of the sound of knocking)
- mama (mother)
- murmur (a quiet low sound)
- never never (an imaginary land)
- no no (something forbidden)
- papa (father)
- pee pee (to urinate)
- poo poo (a childish word for excrement)
- pooh-pooh (to disparage)
- putt putt (the sound of a motor)
- rah rah (the sound of cheering; enthusiasm)
- same old same old (nothing has changed)
- Sing Sing (a prison in upstate New York)
- so so (mediocre; undistinguished)
- ta ta (farewell)
- tom tom (a primitive drum)
- tum tum (baby talk for "stomach")
- twenty twenty (perfect eyesight)
- wee wee (to urinate)
- yatata yatata (monotonous talking)
- yaw-yaw (to talk affectedly)
- yoyo (a toy)
- yuk-yuk (empty idle talk)
- yum-yum (an exclamation of delight)
One way that phrases are built up uses a form of "reduplication" in which a syllable, word or phrase is repeated, but with a single vowel sound changed.
- shilly-shally = to hesitate, to be unable to decide = wankelmütig sein (a corruption of "Shill I? Shall I?". Shill being a weak form of shall. Also etwa "Sollte ich? Soll ich?)
- Bali belly (traveler's sickness in Indonesia)
- bibble babble (babble)
- Cancun (a resort town in Mexico)
- chit chat (idle conversation)
- chitter chatter
- clip clop (an imitation of the sound of a horse on a street)
- criss cross (an interlacing pattern)
- dilly dally (to dawdle)
- Dig Dug
- ding dang (a mild expletive)
- ding dong (a mild expletive; the sound of a bell; a fool)
- fiddle faddle (a dismissive exclamation)
- flim flam (the deception used to implement a fraud)
- flip flop (a sandal; to reverse oneself)
- gewgaw (a gaudy trinket)
- giff-gaff (give and take; banter)
- group grope (a sex party)
- hip hop (a slightly less shrill version of rap)
- hippity hoppity (describing a hopping movement)
- Hong Kong (a port city in China)
- jim jam (to jam; to jazz up)
- the jim-jams (delirium tremens; the shakes; pajamas)
- jing jang (the vagina)
- jipajapa (a South American plant that looks like a palm)
- kim kam (astray; awry; out of order)
- King Kong (our hero)
- Kit Kat (a club name; a candy bar)
- kittle cattle (difficult creatures to handle)
- knickknack (a curio or keepsake)
- Lib-Lab (an alliance between the Liberal and Labor parties)
- mishmash (a formless mess)
- mixty-maxty (muddled together)
- nid nod (to allow the head to drop repeatedly from drowsiness)
- pilpul (subtle rabbinic hairsplitting argumentation)
- ping pong (table tennis)
- pish pash (an East Indian rice broth made with bits of meat)
- pishery pashery (disparaging, trifling talk)
- pitter patter (supposedly, the sound of little feet)
- pussy posse (the vice squad)
- riff raff (a disreputable group of people)
- rimble ramble (nonsense)
- riprap
- shilly shally (to dawdle)
- shim sham (a feeling of unease or fear)
- ship shape (in order; neat)
- sing song (to speak in a way that emphasizes sound over meaning)
- skimble skamble (confusingly rambling)
- slipslop (a blundering misuse of a word)
- spit spot (fine, excellent)
- splish splash (imitation of splashing water sounds)
- teeter totter (a children's amusement, a see saw)
- tew taw (an implement for breaking hemp or flax)
- Tic Tac (a candy)
- tick tock (imitation of the sound of a clock)
- ticky tacky (vulgar and banal)
- tip top (first rate)
- tisty tosty (a ball of cowslips)
- tittle tattle (idle chatter; gossip)
- whimsy whamsy (a whim)
- wig wag (a kind of signaling flag)
- wiggle waggle (a musical fairground amusement; to sway)
- willie wellie (a condom: a "wellie" is a sort of rubber boot)
- wing wang (a joking term for dollars)
- wing wong (a thingmajig)
- wishy washy (indecisive)
- xiraxara
- ying yang
- zig zag (characterized by repeated changes in direction)
rest and relaxation (W3)
rough and ready (W3)
S
slowly but surely (W3)
smoke and mirrors, Schall und Rauch (W3)
Das engl. "smoke and mirrors" = "not real", "lacking substance", "illusory" entspricht dem dt. "Schall und Rauch".
Diese Redewendungen gehen zurück auf Tricks der Magier, die ihre Kunsstückchen mit "Rauch", "Krach" und in England eben auch mit "Spiegeln" umrahmten.
Mit diesen Hilfsmitteln versuchen viele Zeitgenossen auch in anderen Lebensbereichen wie Politik oder der Datenverarbeitung die wahren Geschehnisse zu verschleiern.
(E1)(L1) http://members.aol.com/MorelandC/HaveOriginsData.htm#SmokeAndMirrors
(E3)(L1) http://www.owad.de/owad-archive-quiz.php4?id=721
(E?)(L?) http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/324700.html
(E3)(L1) http://www.jargon.net/jargonfile/t/TheJargonLexicon.html
Hier erfährt man, dass bereits ein aztekischer Zauberer den Namen "Tezcatlipoca" = "Smoking Mirror" = "Rauchender Spiegel" trug.
Der "Spiegel" wurde bereits von aztekischen Priestern als Wahrsage-Werkzeug eingesetzt.
(E1)(L1) http://www.word-detective.com/backidx.html
spick and span (W3)
T
touch and go (W3)
U
V
W
wait and see (W3)
whys and wherefores (W3)
wining and dining (W3)
X
Y
Z