Etymologie, Étymologie, Etymology
US Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika, les États-Unis d'Amérique, The United States of America (USA)
Farben, Couleurs, Colors

A

anthus
National Bureau of Standards / Inter-Society Color Council
The NBS/ISCC Color System
The Universal Language of Color
The Dictionary of Color Terms
Farbsystem nach NBS/ISCC

(E?)(L?) http://www.anthus.com/
Colorimetry
All my life I have wished I could identify colors precisely - could say "just look at the light yellowish green on that woodpecker's neck" with certainty that it was light yellowish green. The only color system that makes this achievable is the sadly-neglected NBS/ISCC system, which defines a set of 267 color centroids with intuitive yet scientific standardized names, and which maps thousands of traditional color names onto those centroids. I think the system ought to be more widely used in computer graphics.

(E6)(L1) http://www.anthus.com/Colors/NBS.html
(E6)(L1) http://www.phil.uni-erlangen.de/~p1bbk/AllesBuch/Sonja%20Bayer/Bayer.pdf
(E6)(L3) http://www.nist.gov/
(E6)(L3) http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/faqs/qnbs.htm
The "National Bureau of Standards" was established by Congress in 1901. Its name was changed to the "National Institute of Standards and Technology" in 1988 as part of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act. At the same time, Congress expanded NIST's mission by establishing the Advanced Technology Program and the Manufacturing Extension Partnership.

The NBS/ISCC system is a standardized set of color terms that has many advantages when working with colors. It defines a set of 267 color centroids with intuitive yet scientific standardized names: this makes it feasible to learn to recognize them. Furthermore, a vast number of traditional color names have been mapped onto the NBS colors, giving them a convenient reference point.

The color space is sliced into fifteen hues such as "yellow", "greenish yellow", "yellowish green", and so forth. Within each slice, degrees of saturation and brightness are specified by modifiers such as "vivid", "dark", and "pale".

The reference colors of the standardized language are called centroid colors. Because of non-linearities in our visual apparatus and irregularities in our natural-language system of color names, not every hue has the full complement of modifiers. There are in fact only 267 centroid colors. That is a good practical number, small enough to be easily learned but large enough to make the distinctions needed for many applications.

Armed with the standardized language of color, the researchers at the "National Bureau of Standards" reviewed a number of color atlases and mapped their names onto the centroids. The result is a fascinating dictionary of color terms.

Ever wondered exactly what color London Fog was? Celestial yellow? Rembrandt's Madder? Ever needed a poetic name for a particular color? The dictionary of color terms is the place to go.

Auf der Suche nach den in "SONJA KATRIN BAYER: Bildschirmtypografie. Technische und psychologische Determinanten der Gestaltung von Online-Dokumenten" (Seite 56) genannten Zusammenstellung der 7.500 Farbnamen des "National Bureau of Standards" ("NBS") bin ich auf die Seite "http://www.anthus.com/Colors/NBS.html" gestossen. Dort findet man eine Zusammenstellung von über 5.000 englischen Farbnamen (color names). Ich weiss nicht, in wie weit die Farbnamen in diesem "Dictionary of Color Terms" denjenigen des NBS entsprechen, aber es ist eine wirklich umfassende und interessante Liste.

Neben dem "NBS/ISCC Color System" gibt es weitere Ansätze für einen "Colour atlas", so etwa das "Munsell Book of Color", das "Ostwald colour system", das "Maerz and Paul dictionary of colour", das "Plochere colour system" und die "Ridgway colour standards".

Die Farbe wird jeweils auch als kleines entsprechend gefärbtes Viereck angefügt.

Beispiel:

(E?)(L1) http://www.anthus.com/Colors/Colors_R.html
(E?)(L1) http://www.anthus.com/Colors/Cent.html#5

"Récamier" als Farbe:

- #ee9086 - Moderate Pink

(E?)(L1) http://www.anthus.com/Colors/Colors_x.html
(E?)(L1) http://www.anthus.com/Colors/Cent.html#???

"????????" als Farbe:

- #?????? - ?????????????

B

big blue

(E?)(L?) http://www.owad.de/archive.htm

the computer giant IBM = Spitzname von IBM
out of the blue - aus heiterem Himmel
a true-blue hero - ein echter Held
to make so. blue - jmdn. unglücklich machen
once in a blue moon - alle Jubeljahre, ganz selten
true-blue [coll.] - unerschütterlich loyal (Partei)
blue chip [finan.] - Spitzenpapier an der Börse
blue-collar worker - Arbeiter
bolt from the blue - Blitz aus heiterem Himmel
to have a blue fit - Zustände kriegen
to be blue-blooded - blaues Blut in seinen Adern haben
to look blue [fig.] - Kummer haben
a bolt from the blue - Blitz aus heiterem Himmel
to be in a blue funk - die Hosen voll haben

Black Tuesday - Crash of 1929 (W3)

(E?)(L?) http://www.investorwords.com/cgi-bin/getword.cgi?488
(E?)(L?) http://www.investorwords.com/1191/Crash_of_1929.html
The name for the period lasting from October 29th to November 13th in 1929 during which the stock market dropped violently, losing much of its value and contributing to the start of the Great Depression. The "Crash of 1929" was the impetus for a great number of reforms and regulations related to securities trading.

C

Colour (W3)

(E?)(L?) http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colour

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

red line, rote Linie (W3)

Die "rote (Begrenzungs-)Linie" könnte auf die Tachomarkierung zurückgehen:
The "red line" on the airplane speedometer was from "Private Pilot Manual" Englewood CO: Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc, 1984, and was long-established usage then. I'm pretty sure the care I learned to drive on in 1963 had a redline on the tachometer (I think it was at 5,000 RPM). Also "achieve maximum speed" is incorrect. The redline is the maximum SAFE speed or maximum ALLOWABLE speed. The existence of a redline implies that the engine is capable of going faster and therefore the operator has to be warned.
(J.A.L., systems engineer)

Etymologie, Étymologie, Etymology US Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika, les États-Unis d'Amérique, The United States of America (USA) Farben, Couleurs, Colors

A

anthus National Bureau of Standards / Inter-Society Color Council The NBS/ISCC Color System The Universal Language of Color The Dictionary of Color Terms Farbsystem nach NBS/ISCC

B